Principaux défis par secteurs
WASH
Accès à l'eau : standard non atteint
Assainissement : Le rythme de construction des infrastructures d’assainissement ne suit pas l’augmentation de la population
Réponses
Essais de pompage en cours sur 10 nouveaux points forés (HCR)
Public Concern finalise la construction de 66 latrines
MSF finalise la construction de 10 tranchées de défécation
Kano, Nigeria | AFP | Monday 4/20/2015 - 17:35 GMT
A botched suspected Boko Haram suicide attack targeting a group of Shiite Muslims injured three people in northeast Nigeria on Monday, witnesses told AFP.
The would-be bomber detonated his explosives a few metres (yards) from an open-air mosque in the Dogo Tebo area of Potiskum shortly after afternoon prayers.
"Three worshippers were hit by shrapnel and sustained mild injuries while the bomber's thighs and legs were blown off," said local resident Mukhtar Ubale in an account supported by two others.
Another resident who witnessed the explosion, Zakari Kabiru, said the bomber, thought to be aged about 30, was taken to hospital but his chances of survival were slim.
"Only his torso was intact but the lower parts of his body were shattered," he said, blaming the Sunni jihadist group Boko Haram for the attack.
Boko Haram, whose insurgency to create a hardline Islamic state in northeast Nigeria has killed at least 15,000 since 2009, condemns Shias as heretics who should be killed.
The group has carried out several suicide and bombing attacks on Potiskum, which is the commercial hub of Yobe state and one of the worst hit by the violence.
Last November at least 15 people were killed and dozens injured from a suicide attack on a Shia Muslim Ashura festival procession, which marks the death of Hussein, grandson of the Prophet Mohammed.
Gun attacks by soldiers that followed left several others dead.
In July 2014, a blast rocked the same Saqafa mosque shortly after evening prayers, leaving four dead.
A second explosion went off moments later at a mosque in the town's Anguwar Bolawa area, in the compound of the chief imam, killing at least two worshippers.
A four-nation military offensive of Nigeria and its neighbours has pushed Boko Haram out of captured territory since February.
Security analysts have warned the group would revert to its previous tactics of suicide and bomb attacks against so-called "soft targets" such as crowded markets and busy transport hubs.
abu/phz/txw
© 1994-2015 Agence France-Presse
Abuja, 20 April 2015 - The Minister of State for Health, Mr. Fidelis Nwankwo has debunked the rumors of unidentified disease outbreak which is attributed to 19 deaths since 15th April 2015, out of 24 reported cases. He further provided insights on the causes of illness and sudden deaths in two communities of Irele, Local Government Area (LGA) in Ondo State of Nigeria.
On 15th April when the disease was first reported, health officials from the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), government agencies (including the Nigeria Center for Disease Control) and experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) were deployed to Irele, LGA in south-western Nigeria to investigate rumors of the unidentified disease outbreak.
The Minister in his speech at a press briefing held at the conference hall of the FMOH in Abuja on Monday 20 April, also disclosed that as at the time of the briefing “no new cases have been reported in the past 100 hours and no related mortality in the last 72 hours. We therefore believe that the situation is under control”.
He also stated that preliminary epidemiological and laboratory investigations indicate that the disease is not attributed to any infectious disease.
According to the Minister, “epidemiological findings indicate a strong linkage of the outbreak with the consumption of local gin that might have been contaminated with methanol”. He however added that laboratory investigation is ongoing.
Mr. Nwankwo requested the journalists to use their media outfits to create more awareness and encourage the public to remain calm but vigilant and continue to report any events of public health concern to the nearest health authorities.
Also speaking at the press briefing, the WHO Country Representative in Nigeria, Dr Rui Gama Vaz commended the Ondo state government for the rapid response and the immediate deployment of its epidemiological structure to investigate and mitigate the situation.
Dr Vaz assured the Minister and the public that “WHO will continue to provide technical support to the FMOH and related agencies, to strengthen surveillance at community level for early case identification; the associated risk factors and to create awareness to avert similar situations in future”.
Available records showed that the reported cases were among males, between the ages of 20 and 75 years old. Equally, 71% had history of having consumed locally brewed gin and were farmers. Symptoms of the unidentified disease include sudden blurred vision, headache, and loss of consciousness followed by death, all occurring within 24 hours of onset.
For further information please contact:
Dr Cephas Ityunguzul
Tel: +234 803 700 9963
Email: ityonzughulc@who.int
Ms. Charity Warigon
Tel: +234 810 221 0093
Email: warigonc@who.int
Today, at around 11:30 a.m., a convoy of civilian MINUSMA contractors was once again attacked by assailants 30 kilometers west of Gao.
Preliminary reports indicate that at least one driver was assassinated and that his truck was burned afterwards.
MINUSMA immediately sent a patrol to the site.
The Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of MINUSMA, Mr. Mongi Hamdi, strongly condemns this new attack. “I am outraged by these heinous crimes against innocent civilians. We will readjust our security measures to prevent criminal acts like this from happening again. MINUSMA cannot tolerate them,” he said.
“I also call on the Malian security forces to reinforce their own security measures, particularly on this axis. The perpetrators have to be arrested quickly and be brought to justice,” he added.
Council conclusions on the Sahel Regional Action Plan 2015-2020
The Council adopts today the annexed Sahel Regional Action Plan 2015-2020 which provides the overall framework for the implementation of the European Union (EU) Strategy for Security and Development in the Sahel, as adopted and revised in its Conclusions on 21 March 2011 and 17 March 2014, respectively. The adoption of the Action Plan comes at a crucial time for the countries in the Sahel. The Council welcomes the Action Plan, which reaffirms the EU’s continued engagement in the Sahel region and its support to sustainable and inclusive political and socio-economic development, the strengthening of human rights, democratic governance and the rule of law as well as resilience, as a response to the multidimensional crisis in the Sahel. The enhancement of security in the region through the fight against terrorism1, illicit trafficking, radicalisation and violent extremism, remains the key objective of the EU. In the context of its comprehensive approach, including the contribution of the EU Institutions, the EU Special Representative (EUSR) for the Sahel as well as of EU Member States, the EU reiterates its commitment to support regional and country-led and owned initiatives in the framework of the Action Plan, using all its relevant instruments, in particular the regional and national indicative programmes under the European Development Fund as well as Member States' programmes, and also including the CSDP Missions EUTM Mali, EUCAP Sahel Niger and EUCAP Sahel Mali, and the Instrument contributing to Stability and Peace.
The original strategic objective of the EU Sahel Strategy, emphasising the development-security nexus as well as the four pillars for its implementation, remains fully relevant and provide a comprehensive framework for EU action in the Sahel. The Action Plan provides a solid basis for pursuing the objectives of the Strategy and for reinforcing the EU's focus around four domains highly relevant to the stabilisation of the region, namely prevention and countering radicalisation, creation of appropriate conditions for youth, migration, mobility and border management, the fight against illicit trafficking and transnational organised crime. The EU underlines in particular the importance of fostering closer synergies between countries of the region as well as between the Sahel and neighbouring countries. Given the proximity of the Sahel to the EU and its immediate neighbourhood, it notes the need, in order to better tackle cross-border issues, to explore further a common space for dialogue and cooperation between the Sahel, the Maghreb and the EU in relevant sectors such as security and migration. This should be done in the framework of the existing mechanisms and dialogues such as the Rabat and Khartoum processes on migration and development.
The EU reiterates its readiness to continue working closely with the countries of the Sahel region to support their efforts to achieve peace, security and development. The implementation of the Action Plan will be carried out with the full ownership and under the primary responsibility of the countries concerned, and in coordination with key international and regional organisations and other partners, in particular the United Nations (UN), the African Union (AU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), the G5 Sahel, the Lake Chad Basin Commission and the World Bank, as well as with civil society. In this respect, the EU underlines the importance of continuing this close international and regional coordination, including between the EUSR for the Sahel, the UN Secretary-General's Special Envoy for the Sahel, the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Mali and the AU High Representative for Mali and the Sahel, aiming at creating synergies in the implementation of respective strategies.
The Council invites the High Representative and the Commission and Member States to start implementing the Sahel Regional Action Plan. The Council will revert to the matter as appropriate, and at least once a year.
Qatar Charity established its office in Mauritania in 2007 as it previously implemented activities solely through national partners. Its ambitious relief program is working to enhance the readiness and preparedness of the office and partners in emergency response for the benefit of millions of refugees and displaced populations in eastern Mauritania, via the provision of food and medical aid, clothes and blankets. In addition, it is working to prepare for all-too-common natural disasters such as the monsoon, which usually arrives with the start of autumn rains, causing displacement in the wake of a mass exodus of rural communities and villages.
Qatar Charity Mauritania office is currently working to implement an ambitious water and sanitation program that involves the digging of artesian and surface wells. Solar pumps will be used in order to reduce the cost and strengthen and improve access to potable water in isolated rural areas.
During 2015, Qatar Charity Mauritania constructed and furnished 50 social housing units for at-risk families in Nouakchott and eastern areas, such as Bassiknou Tenmbdgha and Bustail. In education, Qatar Charity built and equipped 25 classrooms thereby enabling the expansion of three preparatory schools and two elementary schools.
Regarding the health sector, Qatar Charity has constructed and equipped 10 category B health centers in rural areas agreed with the Ministry of Health as needing urgent improvement in access to health services. Qatar Charity Mauritania has also embarked on an ambitious economic empowerment program that seeks to stimulate growth in poorer, rural areas of the country. It is envisioned that 20,000 will benefit from the states of the eastern basin, the Assaba, Labrakna State and Western Thierse State, through a series of linked vocational training and soft loans.
21 April 2015
Les mauvaises conditions d’élevage affecteront les moyens d’existence des ménages éleveurs
MESSAGE CLES
Les revenus des éleveurs seront en baisse par rapport à la moyenne dans le nord et le centre du pays à cause des mauvaises conditions d’élevage qui affectent négativement la valeur marchande du bétail.
Les bonnes récoltes de produits maraichers procurent présentement des revenus moyens à supérieurs à la moyenne aux ménages dans les zones maraichage du centre et de la vallée du fleuve ; ce qui améliore leur pouvoir d’achat et leur accès à la nourriture. Il en sera de même pour les récoltes de riz en juin-juillet dans la bande du fleuve.
La baisse de revenu globale par rapport à la moyenne ne permet pas aux ménages de Thiès, Louga, Matam et le nord de Tambacounda de satisfaire leurs besoins alimentaires et non alimentaires sans recourir aux stratégies d’adaptation négatives de vente de biens productifs et de réduction de volume de repas. Par conséquent, les ménages actuellement en insécurité alimentaire aiguë de Stress (Phase 2 de l’IPC) seront en situation de Crise (Phase 3 de l’IPC) de mai à août.
Faits saillants
La finalisation du plan de réponse pour 50 000 personnes déplacées dans la région de Diffa à la suite des évènements du 6 février 2015 est en cours.
Un retour timide des personnes déplacées de Bosso a été constaté en avril.
Les récentes explosions de mines constituent un risque de protection pour les populations.
Malgré l’accalmie observée dans la région, de nombreuses écoles restent fermées.
60 pour cent des enfants attendus en malnutrition aiguë ont déjà été admis dans les centres nutritionnels lors du premier trimestre
Aperçu de la situation
Bien qu’on observe un calme apparent, la situation sécuritaire reste imprévisible. Les activités des forces et des groupes armés se poursuivent sur le territoire nigérian dans les zones proches du Niger. Ces opérations armées ont causé des dégâts au Niger avec notamment des tirs d’obus qui ont atteint le Niger. Le 26 mars 2015, un obus provenant du Nigéria a causé la mort d’une femme dans le village de Dewa Kargueri, situé dans la commune de Gueskerou à 35 km de Diffa.
Les vulnérabilités observées dans la zone de Diffa se sont accrues en raison des conséquences socio-économiques de l’insécurité au Nigéria. Celles-ci se manifestent par le ralentissement des échanges commerciaux entre le nord du Nigéria et la région de Diffa. Une bonne partie des populations de Diffa dépendaient de la vente du poivron et du poisson au Nigéria pour nourrir leurs familles et subvenir à leurs autres besoins. De plus, les familles les plus démunies de la région de Diffa ont l’habitude de se déplacer vers le Nigéria lors de la période de soudure (mai-septembre) pour y exercer des activités génératrices de revenu. Des solutions urgentes sont nécessaires pour éviter que ces aspects socio-économiques de la crise ne se traduisent en une situation de vulnérabilité encore plus critique pour les ménages.
Malgré le caractère volatile de la situation sécuritaire, les acteurs humanitaires continuent à mener leurs activités dans la région. La découverte en mars de quatre mines dans la région constitue un facteur supplémentaire d’inquiétude sur la sécurité et la protection des populations civiles et sur l’accès aux populations dans le besoin par les acteurs chargés de la fourniture de l’assistance.
Period covered: January to December 2014
The DREF allocated a total amount of CHF 19,160,289 in 2014, to 72 different National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to support their response to 102 disaster events. The amount was 5 per cent lower than forecast but 2 per cent higher the amount allocated in 2013. The main difference was the amount of allocations made as start-up funding for emergency appeal operations, which were 63 per cent higher than 2013. A total of 27 emergency appeals were launched in 2014. DREF allocations were made for 21 of these appeals. The amount of allocations made as grants to small-scale operations implemented by National Societies for which no emergency appeal was launched, or DREF operations, was 13 per cent lower than in 2013, although the number of allocations made was the same (83 compared to 82).
Synthèse début avril 2015 : la tendance générale de l’évolution des prix des céréales est à la stabilité au Burkina et au Niger et à la hausse dans le centre et le sud Mali.
Niger : la tendance générale des prix des céréales est à la stabilité voire à la baisse sur certains marchés (Zinder et Agadez). Toutefois, quelques fluctuations à la hausse ont été observées pour le mil à Maradi (+12%) et à Niamey (+3%) et pour le riz à Dosso (+5%) et à Tillabéry (+2%). Les baisses ont été enregistrées pour le mil (-6% à Zinder, -4% à Agadez), pour le sorgho (-9% à Agadez,-6% à Zinder et -3% à Niamey) et pour le maïs (-11% à Zinder, -7% à Dosso, -4% à Agadez et -3% à Niamey).
Mali : l’évolution des prix des céréales est contrastée. On observe une tendance à la hausse sur les marchés du centre et du sud du pays (Ségou et Sikasso), une baisse sur les marchés du nord (Mopti et Gao), et une tendance à la stabilité à Bamako et Kayes. Les hausses les plus significatives ont été enregistrées : i) sur les marchés de Sikasso pour le maïs (+30%), pour le sorgho (+ 20%) et pour le mil (+ 7%), ii) à Ségou pour le mil (+ 17%), pour le sorgho (+ 17%) et pour le riz local (+ 8%), et iii) à Mopti et Bamako pour le maïs (+ 8%). Les baisses sont enregistrées pour le mil à Kayes (- 5%), à Mopti et Gao (- 3%) ; pour le sorgho à Mopti (- 6%) et à Gao (- 3%) et enfin pour le maïs à Gao (- 3%).
Burkina Faso : début avril, la tendance générale des prix des céréales est à la stabilité. Quelques variations sont observées sur certains marchés : on note une baisse pour le mil à Ouagadougou, Dédougou et Tenkodogo (- 3%) ; et une baisse pour le sorgho et le maïs à Kongoussi (- 3%). Des hausses sont enregistrées pour le sorgho à Ouagadougou (+ 11%), à Dédougou et Nouna (+ 3%), et enfin pour le maïs à Bobo (+ 15%), à Dédougou (+ 9%) et à Ouagadougou (+ 4%).
Snapshot 15–21 April 2015
Iraq Violence has displaced 14,000 families in and around Ramadi: 7,000 in Anbar; 5,000 in Baghdad, 2,000 on their way to Baghdad. Checkpoints and insecurity hamper IDP movement. UNICEF estimates 8.29 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, up from 5.2 million in February.
Burundi: Pre-election violence and intimidation has caused 7,100 Burundians to flee to Rwanda and 900 to Democratic Republic of Congo. Burundians report incidents of harassment and disappearance of family members associated with the political opposition. In Rwanda, people are staying at two reception centres, in Nyanza and Bugesera. Efforts are underway to relocate the refugees farther away from the border. Some 60% of the arrivals are children.
Updated: 21/04/2015. Next update: 28/04/2015
While international attention has focused on the election of President Muhammadu Buhari and the continued instability in the north of the country, events surrounding the gubernatorial elections in Nigeria on April 11 could also have significant repercussions in the coming months, especially with signs of an increasing threat of violence arising from the oil-rich Niger Delta region.
As with the presidential poll, the 29 Nigerian states that held elections swung away from former leader Goodluck Jonathan’s People’s Democratic Party toward Buhari’s All Progressives Congress. The APC’s success, unprecedented for an opposition party in Nigeria since the country’s transition to democracy in 1999, can largely be attributed to frustration with Jonathan’s response to the northern security crisis sparked by Boko Haram. Preventing further Boko Haram attacks will be a challenge for the new leaders, as the militant Salafi-Jihadist group has claimed roughly 20,000 lives since 2009 and has recently expanded its attacks into neighboring Cameroon and Niger.
But while Boko Haram is undoubtedly the most lethal group in Nigeria, it is not the only source of violence in the country. There is also a persistent threat from the Niger Delta, whose communities have long felt aggrieved at their perceived marginalization, despite the economic importance of their activities. So far, leaders of regional militias have publically congratulated Buhari and agreed to enter into negotiations with him to ensure ongoing peace. The gubernatorial elections, however, saw sporadic outbreaks of violence, suggesting that tensions are high and there is a strong potential for further instability. The Niger Delta militants are overwhelmingly comprised of Christians from southern ethnic groups, while Buhari is a Muslim from the north.
Nigeria’s Independent National Election Commission (INEC) recorded 66 cases of violence during the elections, of which 16 were in the Niger Delta’s Rivers State, which has the second highest budget in Nigeria at nearly 2.5 billion USD. Many more of the outbreaks occurred in similarly economically significant states. Both political parties, and their respective constituencies, are eager to maintain control over these riches. If the victors of the gubernatorial elections do not make an effort to govern in an egalitarian and non-partisan manner, they may continue to foster a sense of marginalization.
Complicating matters is the fact that an amnesty program for Niger Delta militants is scheduled to expire in May, just as Buhari and the winners of the gubernatorial elections are slated to take office. Throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s, Nigeria’s oil-producing states in the delta played host to a number of armed militias that engaged in attacks against government officials and multinational oil companies. These groups arose out of a belief that the extraction of oil had failed to benefit the surrounding communities. Specifically, they claimed that “in comparison to other parts of the country, the region has not been fairly treated in the areas of infrastructure, which has continued to raise the unemployment figure in the region.”
The groups engaged in oil theft from pipelines, kidnapping of foreigners working for oil companies, and bombings. While the violence arose in a variety of oil-producing communities during the period 2003-2009, the crisis centered on those in Rivers State. The Nigerian president at the time, Umaru Musa Yar’Adua, who came to office in 2007, implemented the amnesty program following violent engagements between Nigerian armed forces and these militants.
Under the scheme, the militants surrendered their weapons in exchange for job training programs, counseling, and a monthly stipend of more than $400 USD, prior to being reintegrated into civilian society. In addition to addressing the individual motivations for joining rebel movements, the program was coupled with a federal effort to dedicate a higher proportion of oil wealth towards community development. The program’s success in promoting development is contested. However, it has undoubtedly contributed to defusing the violent and disruptive Niger Delta crisis until now.
Despite its relative gains, it is currently unclear if the program will be extended. Local political analysts have noted “Buhari is inheriting a much-depleted treasury” from Jonathan, and that “Buying peace to protect oil production–the policy of previous governments–may no longer be an option.” The amnesty program is expensive—the BBC has previously estimated that it costs 500 USD million a year to maintain. With the collapse of oil prices worldwide, this investment may no longer be justifiable to protect the country’s oil industry. Under the circumstances of political division and reduced government coffers, the possibility of renewed violence in the Niger Delta therefore also remains a source of much speculation.
While most observers considered the 2015 presidential and gubernatorial elections to have displayed the robustness of Nigerian democracy, and have praised the remarkable capacity of INEC, significant threats to a peaceful political transition remain. The patterns of violence that have emerged—as infrequent as they might have been compared to previous election cycles—suggest that President Buhari and the new class of Nigerian governors should not focus so intently on the crisis in the north that they lose sight of the storm clouds in the south.
Hilary Matfess is a researcher with the Nigeria Social Violence Project at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies.
Originally Published in the Global Observatory
La compagnie de transport du contingent bangladais de la MINUSMA a procédé le 17 avril dernier, à la remise d’un lot de médicament à la clinique vétérinaire de l’annexe de l’Institut Polytechnique Rurale/Institut de Formation et de Recherche Appliquée (IPR/IFRA) de Katibougou, située à Bamako.
Au cours d’une cérémonie, le commandant de la Compagnie de Transport, le Lieutenant-Colonel Ali Nyamwezis, a remis au Directeur de l’annexe, le Docteur Diarra, un lot de médicaments vétérinaires destinés aux animaux de compagnie (chiens, chats…) mais également aux petits ruminants (moutons, chèvres), gallinacés (coq, cailles…) et autres rongeurs (lapins…).
Ce n’est pas la première fois que le Contingent Bangladais offre des produits vétérinaires comme nous l’explique le Lieutenant-Colonel Ali Nyamwezis : « Présents à Tombouctou, Gao et Kidal, nous avons offerts des produits vétérinaires partout où nous sommes basé. Ces produits que nous remettons aujourd’hui sont destinés à Bamako. »
De son côté, le Directeur de l’annexe de l’IPR/IFRA de Bamako, Le Docteur Diarra, a assuré les donateurs qu’un bon usage sera fait de ces produits : « Je peux vous certifier que les soins qui seront prodiguer avec ces médicaments le seront gratuitement, au profit des propriétaires d’animaux de compagnie et de certains éleveurs ».
Doté d’une réelle expertise dans le domaine vétérinaire, au-delà des dons de produits, le contingent bangladais apporte un soutien aux propriétaires et éleveurs d’animaux en offrant des soins à leurs bêtes. Depuis leur déploiement, les Casques bleus du Bangladesh soignent des animaux par le biais de consultations gratuites, qu’ils prodiguent durant leurs patrouilles. Ainsi, en octobre 2014, ils ont soigné près de 64 animaux (ânes, moutons, vaches, chiens et lapins) à Sénou près de Bamako. Plus tôt en 2014 c’est à Sokolo, dans la région de Ségou, zone agropastorale par excellence car située en zone Office (espaces irrigués de Markala à Niafounké) du Niger, qu’ils ont prodigué des soins à 255 vaches atteintes de maladies parasitaires et autres infections. Un soutien bienvenu pour les habitants de cette zone qui vivent en grande partie d’agriculture et d’élevage.
Qu’il s’agisse de dons symboliques de médicaments ou d’appuis substantiels à travers des séances de soins gratuites, les Casques bleus bangladais perpétuent les valeurs des Nations Unies.
Yaoundé le 20 avril 2015: Le Directeur du Bureau Régional Afrique du Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (PNUD), M. Abdoulaye Mar Dieye, et le Ministre des Relations Extérieures du Cameroun, S.E.M. Pierre Moukoko Mbonjo, ont inauguré le19 avril 2015 à Yaoundé, la consultation régionale sur la paix, la sécurité et le développement pour la Région Afrique centrale.
La crise en République Centrafricaine (RCA) et l’insurrection armée du groupe Boko Haram dans le nord du Nigéria ont provoqué l’une des situations les plus catastrophiques, violentes et complexes qu’a connu la Région de l’Afrique Centrale depuis plus de 30 ans. Ces crises ont causé des pertes humaines énormes, avec notamment, des centaines de milliers de personnes tuées ou blessées, des dizaines de milliers de disparus et près d’un million de déplacés, séparés ou ayant trouvé refuge dans les pays voisins. Sur le plan sociopolitique, ces crises constituent une menace directe pour la stabilité de la Région.
Les dimensions politiques et humaines de ces crises ont été au centre des discussions. Selon Abdoulaye Mar Dieye, « cette rencontre a permis d’avoir des échanges intenses et de sortir avec des éléments consensuels clés, qui permettront au PNUD de lancer l’élaboration d’une stratégie commune, pour aider les populations de cette région à affronter les défis actuels, en particulier les menaces pour la sécurité, la paix et le développement de la région».
Selon les représentants des agences humanitaires, la situation humanitaire est de plus en plus préoccupante dans la région et aucune amélioration immédiate n’est en vue. De ce fait, la réponse requise doit être importante, rapide, et appelle à de fortes synergies entre les différents acteurs.
Plusieurs divisions de la grande famille des Nations Unies ont été représentées à cette réunion, notamment les affaires politiques, les agences humanitaires et les agences spécialisées dans la sécurité.
Une session spéciale avec les Ambassadeurs des pays donateurs a permis également de dégager une vision commune de l’évolution des deux crises et de proposer les jalons d’un partenariat.
Le PNUD met en place une stratégie de relèvement précoce auprès des populations affectées par les deux crises (réfugiés, déplacés internes et communautés locales) à travers différents programmes. Ces derniers permettront à terme de renforcer à terme, la résilience de ces populations.
April 21 2015: Ketil Hansen reports on growing unrest in Chad as protests against rising living costs turn violent.
Chad has seen numerous popular rallies since the end of 2014. On 11 November, important rallies started in the southern town of Moundou. People were protesting against the lack of gasoline and diesel in the town, and in a symbolic move, some attacked an empty Total petrol station.
People here live very close to rich, oil-producing land, with Chad pumping up 130,000 barrels a day. Yet for much of the time they have no access to petrol. When it is available, consumers must pay a local price which has increased dramatically since August 2014 – having watched the global price of oil decrease in the same period.
There are stories of significant quantities of oil refined at the Djermaya plant, north of the capital Ndjamena (and designated for the national market) being smuggled and sold in northern Cameroon and the Central African Republic – at much higher prices than the local cost in Chad. The shortages this has created have led to the development of a black market in Chad, with even higher prices for the locals.
As such, ordinary citizens are experiencing few benefits from Chad’s oil boom, which has led to Chad’s overall economy growing faster than many others in Africa.
Protests and the police: demonstrations met with violence
Other protests about local conditions quickly followed, in Ndjamena and elsewhere, in Chad’s southern Sahr region. Some demonstrations began with teachers protesting against the non-payment of their promised exam fees. Others focused on rising food prices.
These fluctuate according to season and location. However, generally speaking, food prices increased heavily throughout Chad during 2014. In Ndjamena, a 25 kilo sack of corn cost CFA 14,000 CFA ($24) in January, while in July the same amount was CFA 25,000 CFA ($41). Cooking oil was up by 50 per cent. And even the price of sugar – produced in Chad by a subsidised state firm, specifically to keep prices low – has increased by half.
These are significant rises in Chad, where 80 per cent of the population lives on less than two dollars a day. Some of the protests turned violent, and according to local observers, the Chadian police force killed four people, two in Ndjamena and two others in Sahr. However, as is often the case in Chad, official authorities deny the killings. In fact, Chad is renowned for both a brutal police force and for a significant discrepancy between what people report happening, and what the official Chad recognises as facts.
New protests and rallies, this time led by students, took place in Ndjamena in March. Originally started as a protest against a new law which requires everyone to wear a helmet when riding a small motorcycle, the protests erupted when police forces killed student Hassan Massino Daouda on March 9. Videos filmed by participating students, showing the brutality of the police forces, spread swiftly on the internet. Protests in Ndjamena continued for another week, and were followed with solidarity marches by the Chadian diaspora in France and Germany.
Foreign diplomats in Chad express concern about the brutality of the Chadian police force, but the Chadian military enjoys an international reputation for its efforts to fight Boko Haram and neither France, the UK or the US seems willing to do anything about the human rights abuses committed by the police in Chad. In fact, Chadian president Idriss Deby actively and consciously uses the political space created by the world’s attention on Boko Haram, and Chad’s involvement in fighting the group, to strengthen the control of his repressive regime over the Chadian population.
Ketil Hansen is associate Professor of African History at the University of Stavanger.
Niger's prime minister on Tuesday ordered all schools around the capital, Niamey, closed until Monday and called for children between 2 and 15 to be vaccinated against meningitis, a potentially fatal disease.
More than 900 cases of the disease have been diagnosed since January, resulting in 85 deaths.
Prime Minister Brigi Rafini said the country needed more than 1 million doses of meningitis vaccine but had only about half that many. He appealed to Niger's allies and the World Health Organization to help make up the shortage.
The country's health minister warned people against getting unauthorized vaccines, saying the doses being handed out might be for the wrong strain of the disease.
The meningitis virus attacks the lining surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It could lead to deafness and severe brain damage. About half the cases are fatal.
Remarks
1.Samtse was once again hit by a windstorm in the evening of 17th April 2015 around at 6PM.
2.Total of 67 Structures (Rural homes, Schools, RNR center and a milk processing Unit) in 4 gewogs inflicted damages of varying degrees.
3.The Dzongkhag team led by the Dzongdag visited the affected sites and provided tarpaulin sheets to the victims.
4.The BPC field staff immediately restored the damaged electric poles with support from the Community people.
5.The Dzongkhag Administration had instructed the Gewog officials to render all support to the affected families to carry out immediate restoration of their houses
By Patricia Taft*
The following report summarizes the main findings from data collection and analysis for the November 2014 to January 2015 period.
The number of overall incidents and fatalities reported in 2014 across the eight target states shows the highest levels of violence since 2009. While types of violence vary across states and time periods, the North East remains the most violent region, led by Borno State.
VAWG has followed this national trend, with the overall situation deteriorating during 2014 and into January 2015. With steadily increasing VAWG incident reports year on year, reported incidents rose by over 30% in 2014 from 2013 based on Nigeria Watch data.
Of the eight target states, Borno, Kano, and Plateau have shown the sharpest increases in violence longitudinally. The root causes of violence tend to differ by region. In the South-South states of Delta and Rivers, VAWG incidents often occur within the context of domestic, criminal and cult violence; with women being both targets as well as innocent bystanders swept up in the general insecurity. Particularly in Delta State, incidents of domestic abuse dominate, although there have also been several instances of kidnapping and abductions perpetrated against female family members of high ranking political or community leaders. In the North East and increasingly North West, VAWG tends to occur in the context of the insurgency and counter-insurgency. This has become particularly salient in the past quarter in Borno state where JAS, more commonly known as Boko Haram, continues to be active and the kidnapping of girls is rampant. In the North Central and North West regions, VAWG issues have related to forced marriages and domestic violence, with rape targeting young girls prevalent. In Kano, Kaduna and Plateau, incidents of VAWG have also frequently related to communal violence, with women and girls caught up in various conflicts between groups which included the destruction of homes and businesses. Women have also been the target reprisal attacks over perceived injustices related to land and livestock.
Trends in Violence
Insurgency and Suicide Bombing
The insurgency campaign being staged by Boko Haram in northern states is having a direct impact on women and girls. The two key trends which have emerged in reports during this quarter relate to the specific targeting of women and girls to further the goals of the insurgency.
The first trend is an upsurge in mass abductions and killings of women and girls in Borno and Yobe states. Though abductions of women and girls has emerged as a key tactic of Boko Haram militants over the past year, Borno has seen a steady increase in reported abductions in the last three months. From the 13 reported abductions in November, this increased to 187 reported in December and a further 300 women and children abducted in January 2015. Neighboring Yobe experienced an upsurge in abductions of women and children in January. In addition to abductions, the systematic targeted killing of vulnerable groups during insurgency attacks, has resulted in significant death tolls of women. In one particular attack on Baga in Borno state in January, reports suggest that of the estimated 1600 to 2000 casualties the majority were elderly women and children.
The second trend is the use of young girls as suicide bombers to carry out Boko Haram attacks. Borno state has seen the most reports of female suicide bombers, with nine girls detonating devices in crowded civilian areas since November 2014. The reported ages of the girls ranged from 9 to 17 years of age. Most alarming are the reports that emerged in December which suggested 52 girls were trained as suicide bombers and currently at large. This use of young women to carry out such terrorist attacks is spreading beyond Borno, with reports emerging in Yobe and Kano. In January two girls exploded themselves in Yobe, while two attacks were carried out in December in Kano, with a third attempt foiled by police.
Localized Sexual Violence and Brutality
Another trend which continues to emerge in the South South state of Delta and North West states of Kano and Kaduna is rape and gratuitous violence on a localized level against women and girls. Reports of at least 19 female fatalities in the November-January period emerged from Delta, and in excess of 11 reported incidents of sexual violence against women and girls. The patterns of degradation and brutality towards women is apparent in reports such as the murder of four pregnant women in Delta over the past quarter, illegal abortions performed by native doctors, as well as the abduction of women by Fulani herdsmen during intercommunal clashes. In Kano and Kaduna intracommunal violence remained prevalent in November and December, including ten reports of incidents relating to child sex abuse, murder, domestic violence and forced child marriages. Pre-election violence
While data suggests that violence against women and girls has risen consistently over 2014, the link between this violence and growing pre-election tensions became more evident over the past quarter. In regions that have seen spikes in election-related clashes such as the South South, reports emerged of female victims. For example, in January a party chairman’s wife was attacked during political unrest in Rivers. It is anticipated that this trend is likely to continue as general violence levels grow in the lead up to 2015 elections.
Reporting trends across states and LGAs
Data compiled on the Observatory Platform suggests that both VAWG as well as overall violence and conflict risk continues to worsen in the eight NSRP states, with the month of July 2014 being the worst since January 2009. With regards specifically to VAWG, reported incidents have increased consistently year on year since 2009. With 85 incidents reported by Nigeria Watch in 2014, this is a significant upward trend from previous years with 2013 reporting 65 incidents and 2012 reporting 56 incidents.
An automated word search of Nigeria Watch and ACLED data (two sources with methodologies that quantify trends in violence and insecurity) indicates that the state with the highest number of reported VAWG incidents during the period of November 2014-January 2015 was Borno. The lowest number of reports related to Yobe. At the LGA Level, Maiduguri, Borno state had the highest percentage of VAWG related incidents, followed by Oshimili South in Delta, Kukawa in Borno, and Nasarawa in Kano.
Findings in the Eight Target States
This summary report focuses on the NSRP’s eight target states during the time period November 2014 through January 2015. During this time period, reported violence affecting women and girls has continued to rise, making 2014 to the most violent year since we began tracking in 2009.
North East: Borno and Yobe States
Between November 2014 and January 2015, a reported 500 women and girls were abducted in Borno state. Borno has consistently displayed the highest levels of gender-related violence across all states in the program over the past three months. The catalyst for these incidents is the insurgency staged by Boko Haram. The asymmetrical warfare tactics used by Boko Haram have evolved over the course of its campaign to target women and girls.
One troublesome trend is the use of young female suicide bombers to carry out terrorist attacks in crowded civilian areas. A reported 9 female suicide bombers as young as 10 years old have carried out suicide attacks in Borno since November 2014. This trend is likely to continue into 2015, with reports in December that 52 trained female bombers remained at large.
Numbers of abductions worsened in January, when 300 women and girls were taken in Baga by Boko Haram. This was an increase from December when 187 abductions were reported, including 185 victims kidnapped in a Boko Haram raid of Damboa.
Targeting vulnerable groups including women unable to flee insurgency attacks resulted in 63 reported deaths for December. This worsened significantly in January, when Boko Haram staged an attack on Baga over a four day period. Reports suggest between 1600 and 2000 people died, of which the majority were elderly women and children. It was during this same attack, that the 300 women and children were abducted.
General insurgency-related violence has remained prevalent in Yobe over the past few months, however a new trend in specifically targeted violence against women and girls emerged in January 2015. While a number of suicide bombing attacks and attempted attacks were reported throughout 2014, January 2015 marks a shift to the use of young females to carry out the attacks in Yobe. Two women aged between 15 and 17 years old carried out a suicide bombing attack in a crowded market, reportedly killing 39 people. This suggests an expansion of the female suicide bombing tactic already prevalent in neighboring Borno state. A spike in the abduction of women and girls occurred in January 2015 in Yobe, compared with November and December 2014 which had no reports. An unknown number of women and children were reported to have been kidnapped during a Boko Haram attack in Katarko village
North West: Kano and Kaduna States
Kano has seen a consistently high levels of gender-based violence this quarter with 20 incidents reported, compared with the 23 incidents last quarter. The exploitation of gender for the insurgency campaign waged by Boko Haram remains a significant issue in the state, along with localized sexual violence.
A worrying trend shared by the North East states of Borno and Yobe, is the use of young female suicide bombers. In December 2014 in Kano, a 13 year old girl was arrested by police carrying a suicide vest. Another two females carried out a suicide attack in a Kano textile market in the same month.
Rape of women and young girls was particularly prevalent in November, with four cases reported including a girl as young as 7 years old. In December, a 15 year old girl was abducted and sexually abused, and a woman’s 10 year old son was murdered by her jilted 14 year old daughter-in-law.
Kaduna had an overall decrease in reported incidents for this quarter with 12 reports, compared with the 27 reported incidents from last quarter. The higher numbers for the previous August-November 2014 period are partly due to the retrospective data provided by a partner organization, which highlighted important trends in domestic and sexual violence within Kaduna. General trends surrounding violence perpetrated against girls and women remained prevalent in the November 2014-January 2015 period. This was evident in the reports of an attempted rape of a small girl in November, and attempted marriage of a young girl to an elderly ill man. In December a woman was also cut with a machete by her husband, consistent with the types of domestic gender-violence reported in earlier months of 2014 in Kaduna.
An upsurge in targeted insurgency violence towards vulnerable groups also occurred in December in Kano, with 17 aged women and children killed in one village attack.
South South: Delta, Rivers and Bayelsa States
Delta remains one of the most troubling states for casualties, abductions and sexual violence against women and girls over the past three months. Sexual assault of girls as young as 10 years old were reported in Delta, with one disturbing incident of a rape of 9 and 10 year old sisters by their mother’s an HIV-positive boyfriend. Total reports of rape in the November 2014 to January 2015 period totaled 6 incidents.
Gratuitous violence targeting women and girls in Delta remained higher than any other state in the November to January period. This was evident in reports of abductions of women by Fulani herdsmen and ritualists, illegal abortions performed by native doctors, and one incident of a girl 10 year old girl being murdered by armed robbers. Four pregnant women were also killed in the same period. Three were murdered in cult clashes, while one women’s mutilated body was found along with other corpses in farmland. With general incidents of violence in Rivers widespread over the past three months, there have been incidents of women becoming casualties to intercommunal and pre-election clashes.
During December, a mother and child were killed in the crossfire between rival cult groups in Rivers. In January, a woman along with a man were attacked and robbed by cultists. In the same month, a party chairman’s wife was attacked along with her husband during political unrest.
Despite high levels of election-related incidents, intercommunal tensions and crime fatalities in Bayesla state, no reports have emerged in the November 2014 to January 2015 period of gender-based violence.
North Central: Plateau State
Compared with the other states in the program, Plateau in the Middle Belt Region had lower instances of reported violence in the November 2014 to January 2015 period with seven incidents. These incidents related predominately to sexual and domestic violence, with five girls reported to have been raped. Three abductions of women were attempted in November, and two instances of men assaulting their wives also emerged in January. In one of these instances, the woman’s husband left her with significant machete wounds and a damaged eye socket inflicted by a bottle.
Security facts
1 - May 2013: The Nigerian Government declares The State of emergency in Borno , Yobe and Adamawa states, 3 northeastern states of Nigeria hit by attacks of armed groups.
2 - November 2014: New attacks occur on November 5 in Malam Fatori (3km from Bosso) and November 24 in Damasak (35km from Diffa )
3 - January 2015: 3,000 Nigerian soldiers are deployed in the border area of Nigeria.
4 - Feb 2015: Boko Haram attacks for the 1st time the Niger conducting a raid in Bosso, on February 6th. Two other incursions occured in Diffa, on 08 and 10 February.
Suite à la découverte de mines, trois individus ont été appréhendés à Aguelhok lundi 20 avril 2015 par la Force de la MINUSMA.
Ils sont tous trois soupçonnés d’avoir préparé une attaque à l’engin explosif.
En application des procédures des Nations Unies en la matière, les trois personnes seront remises par la MINUSMA aux autorités nationales compétentes aujourd’hui en fin de journée.
Au Mali, les restes des explosifs de guerre, les engins explosifs improvisés (IED) et les mines terrestres affectent la liberté de mouvement de la population, des activités économiques ainsi que le déploiement des forces nationales et internationales, et la restauration de l’autorité de l’Etat.
Depuis 2013 au Mali, plus de 325 civils, personnels des Forces de sécurité maliennes ou de la MINUSMA ont été blessés ou tués suite à l’explosion de mines.
