New York – La Coordination des Mouvements de l’Azawad (CMA), une coalition de mouvements armés signataire de l’accord de paix d’Alger, qui comprend le Mouvement national de libération de l’Azawad (MNLA), a signé un Plan d’action avec les Nations Unies pour mettre fin et prévenir le recrutement et l’utilisation d’enfants, la violence sexuelle et toutes les autres violations graves envers les enfants.

Plus tôt aujourd’hui, la Représentante spéciale du Secrétaire général pour les enfants et les conflits armés, Leila Zerrougui, a signé le Plan d’action à New York comme témoin.

« Je suis heureuse de voir la CMA prendre l’initiative de signer un Plan d’action contraignant pour toutes les entités sous son égide », a déclaré Leila Zerrougui. « C’est un développement bienvenu car il fournira un cadre pour mettre fin aux violations attribuées aux groupes armés et renforcer la protection des enfants au Mali. »

Conformément aux résolutions du Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies sur les enfants et les conflits armés*, le Plan d’action prévoit des mesures concrètes pour mettre fin et empêcher le recrutement, l’utilisation et l’association de tous les enfants de moins de 18 ans ainsi que des mesures visant à prévenir le viol, les violences sexuelles et autres violations graves des droits de l’enfant. L’accord est contraignant pour tous les membres de la CMA, y compris le MNLA, une partie au conflit listée dans le rapport annuel du Secrétaire général sur les enfants et les conflits armés pour recrutement et utilisation d’enfants et violences sexuelles envers des enfants.

« Par le biais du Plan d’action, la CMA s’engage à assurer la libération et le transfert aux acteurs de protection de l’enfance de tous les enfants présents dans les rangs de ses membres », a déclaré Leila Zerrougui. « La signature d’un Plan d’action est le début d’un processus et j’attends avec impatience sa pleine mise en œuvre. Je compte sur le soutien du gouvernement pour faciliter ce processus dans le meilleur intérêt des enfants du Mali. »

Note aux éditeurs:

• Les résolutions 1539 (2004), 1612 (2005), 1882 (2009), 1998 (2011) et 2225 (2015) sur les enfants et les conflits armés établissent des mesures et des outils pour mettre fin aux violations graves commises contre les enfants par la création d’un mécanisme de surveillance et de communication de l’information et l’élaboration de Plans d’action pour mettre fin aux violations par les parties listées dans les annexes du rapport annuel du Secrétaire général sur les enfants et les conflits armés.

Pour plus d’informations, veuillez contacter:

Stephanie Tremblay, agente des communications, Bureau du Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général pour les enfants et les conflits armés, + 1-212-963-8285 (bureau), + 1-917-288-5791 (mobile), tremblay@un.org

FAITS SAILLANTS

• Après trois ans d’assistance sur le site de Gaoui, la communauté humanitaire plaide des solutions durables pour faciliter la réinsertion des retournés.

• La Conférence humanitaire d’Oslo a permis aux pays du Bassin du Lac Tchad de recevoir des promesses de dons à hauteur de 672 millions de dollars américains, dont 458 millions en 2017.

Vers des solutions durables pour les retournés de Gaoui

Une réponse humanitaire dégressive sur le site Arrivés au Tchad depuis janvier 2014, après des décennies passées en République Centrafricaine (RCA), et pour certains plusieurs générations, environ 5 000 Tchadiens retournés (dont 57% de femmes et 43% d’hommes) ont été installés par les autorités, avec l’appui de l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) sur le site de Zafaye à Gaoui, village situé à environ 15 km au nord-est de N’Djamena. Après trois ans d’assistance de la communauté humanitaire, la quasi-totalité des acteurs humanitaires se sont retirés du site par manque de financement, occasionnant la détérioration des conditions de vie des retournés. Les distributions de vivres sont sporadiques ; la moitié des 700 abris est dans un état de délabrement avancé ; l’absence de moyens de subsistance ne permet pas de payer les soins de santé du centre situé à trois kilomètres du site, et moins de la moitié des 18 forages du site et seulement 40 pour cent des latrines sont fonctionnels. Il faut ajouter à cela que 40 pour cent des enfants inscrits dans les écoles de N’Djamena, hors du site, ont été renvoyés pour non-paiement de frais de scolarité. UNICEF continue cependant de soutenir l’école du site, en prenant en charge le salaire des enseignants, via l’ONG nationale CDVT (Comité pour le développement du volontariat au Tchad). Pour l’année scolaire 2016-2017, UNICEF entend innover, en développant des activités génératrices de revenus avec les parents d’élèves, pour qu’avec le temps, la prise en charge des salaires des enseignants leur incombe entièrement.

Depuis 2016, la communauté humanitaire plaide pour une assistance principalement orientée vers les solutions durables pour faciliter la réinsertion des retournés de Gaoui. En effet, la majorité de ces retournés souhaite quitter le site pour s’insérer dans la ville de N’Djamena et reprendre une vie normale.

C’est ce qui ressort de l’enquête menée en 2016 par l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) en collaboration avec l’ONG ADES (Agence de développement économique et social). Les besoins prioritaires concernent l’accès au logement et aux moyens de subsistance suivis de l’accès à l’éducation et à l’emploi. La majorité des retournés, constituée d’anciens commerçants, veut reprendre des activités génératrices de revenus qui leur permettront de se prendre en charge et sortir ainsi de la dépendance à l’aide humanitaire.

Background & Context:

Damasak is the head town of Mobbar LGA, in the North-East Nigerian, state of Borno. It is located near the confluence of the Yobe River and Komadugu Gana River, adjoining the border with Niger 34km from Diffa in Niger and 3km between Damasak and the border with Niger.

Boko Haram insurgents occupied Damasak on 24 November 2014. During the period of occupation, the vast majority of people sought refuge in Niger. The recapture of the locality by the Nigerian Army on 30th June 2016 triggered waves of returns of thousands of people. According to the military commandant, Damasak became accessible to the general public as of 26th December 2016, and as of 26 February 2017, 10,100 households (approx. 65,000 individuals) in Damasak had been assisted by ICRC (registration for food distribution purpose).

Damasak is split into two communities, namely, Kanuri and Fulani. There is also a small group of Hausa. Damasak town is made up of two districts - Dashari and Damasak; and has 15 community leaders and 13 Wards. However, many Wards are still inaccessible and remain unoccupied by civilians; former residents of these inaccessible areas currently sheltered in Damasak town.

Access:

Damasak is the third largest town in Borno State after Maiduguri and Bama. Damasak town is approximately 185km North West of Maiduguri and is accessed by two primary roads. One heads south to Gubio and Maiduguri, and the other heads east towards Kukawa and Baga. According to Military Commandant, the road between Damasak and Niger is open and can be used without escort. The city of Diffa in Niger is 34km away from Damasak. Sayam Forage and Kabelewa camps respectively in Chetimari Commune and Kabelewa Commune in Diffa Region, on the road between Damasak and Niger, accommodate Nigerian refugees. During this mission Damasak was reached by UNHAS helicopter. The landing site is located within 145 Battalion HQ. This visit was the second of its kind, the first visit was by UNDSS, OCHA and UNHAS for security assessment.

According to the military, the road from Damasak to Maiduguri was made accessible on 25 December 2016, and can now be used without escort. ICRC and MSF have used the road many times without escort, local community traders confirmed as well. ISWA use the road between Gubio and Damasak as crossing points at night for supplies and movements. In general, it is recommended to use the road during daytime, i.e. not before 0700AM as it is the regular time for military movement on that road and not after 0500PM.

Purpose & Objectives:

NEMA reported that over 10,000 Nigerians households returned to Damasak from Niger since February 2017 and other reports of new arrivals continue to be received. NEMA thus requested an emergency humanitarian assessment to address the needs of thousands of returnees to Damasak.

NEMA through OCHA led discussions on the humanitarian situation in Damasak on 03 March 2017. This was followed by an emergency multisector assessment planning meeting on 08 March 2017 at UNHCR where participants agreed to conduct an interagency initial rapid assessment mission to Damasak on 11 March 2017. OCHA facilitated the Interagency 10 member mission2 which was led by UNHCR, with the participation of NEMA, WFP, IOM, WHO, UNICEF and NRC representing the various Sectors.

The two key objectives of the interagency mission were:
1. Assess the humanitarian needs and identify areas of priorities for interventions.
2. Assess the sustainability of the return.

INTRODUCTION

At the World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) in Istanbul in May 2016, global leaders came together to express their commitment to place people at the centre of decision-making and action. In doing so, they reaffirmed that the scale of current humanitarian issues required greater international cooperation. The Summit triggered a major shift in how the global community will work closer together to prevent and respond to human suffering.

THE ROAD TO A NEW WAY OF WORKING…

The consultations leading to the World Summit overwhelmingly called for a ‘new way of working’ that does not only to meet people’s immediate needs in a principled manner, but also transcend the long-standing divide between humanitarian and development actors, to sustainably lessen the needs by reducing people’s risks and vulnerabilities overtime.

The ‘New Way of Working’ is based on the idea of achieving collective outcomes, building on the comparative advantages of a diverse range of actors, over multi-year timeframes. The goal is to effectively decrease humanitarian needs and in doing so, contribute to the longer-term vision of ‘Leaving No One Behind’ embedded in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Rather than individual efforts, the New Way of Working begins by better defining which shared results can significantly reduce risk and vulnerability. It further outlines better joined-up approaches for humanitarian and development actors to take specific operational and financial measures to deliver on those outcomes together.

The New Way of Working calls for 3 major shifts:

1. Deliver collective outcomes: transcend humanitariandevelopment divides, calling on all relevant actors to achieve strategic collective results that reduce vulnerability and risk over multi-year timeframes.

2. Anticipate do not wait for crises, with an emphasis on predicting and preparing for crises and acting based on the best available evidence of risk.

3. Reinforce, do not replace, national and local systems, calling for a reorientation of international engagement towards enhancing national and local capacities where possible.

Overview and Background

Located in Sahel region of Burkina Faso, Soum is the largest of four provinces in the region. The province has been affected by rapidly deteriorating security since the end of 2016, due to successive terrorist threats perpetrated by non-state armed actors. The most affected communes are bordering the northern Mali and are in the rural areas, including the districts of Nassoumbou, Diguel, Baraboulé, Koutougou and Tongomayel. These terrorist threats or attacks targeting schools and security posts (gendarme and police) have caused a widespread fear among population, and the closure of over an estimated 500 schools in the region.

Meanwhile, two Malian refugee camps of Goudebou (in Seno province) and Mentao (in Soum province) in the region have not been targeted nor affected by the insecurity. The host communities, on the other hand, are more and more affected by insecurity, particularly in terms of their limited access to social services(education, health, nutrition, protection).

Access to Education: Despite the terrorist attack on 16 December 2016 in Nassoumbou on the military detachment, in which at least 12 soldiers were killed, the situation in Soum appeared to be under control and the second quarter of the school year was underway. However, on 26 January 2017, non-state armed actors threatened teachers in three schools ordering them to teach Koranic education, prohibiting education in French. In Nassoumbou commune, primary schools were targeted by repeated terrorist attacks (Source: Ministry of Education). On 4 March, a teacher along with a civilian were murdered by the same group in Kourfayel, a village close to the Soum, capital city of Djibo.

Famine (IPC Phase 5) likely ongoing in parts of South Sudan; risk of Famine (IPC Phase 5) continues in Somalia

• In February, the IPC National Technical Working Group in South Sudan declared a Famine (IPC Phase 5) in central Unity State. Although available evidence was insufficient to make a Famine determination following IPC protocols, the IPC Emergency Review Committee agreed that a Famine was likely occurring. Persistent conflict, which has contributed to severely restricting food access and humanitarian assistance provision, resulting in high levels of acute malnutrition and mortality, remains the primary driver of extreme levels of acute food insecurity in South Sudan.

• In much of Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, and parts of northeastern Kenya, well below-average cereal production, coupled with deteriorating livestock productivity in pastoral areas, is expected to significantly increase the number of people in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) and Emergency (IPC Phase 4) through September 2017. In a worst-case scenario in Somalia, where the 2017 Gu season performs very poorly, purchasing power declines to levels seen in 2010/11, and humanitarian assistance is unable to reach populations in need, Famine (IPC Phase 5) would be expected.

• Conflict continues to drive acute food insecurity in Yemen, with approximately seven to 10 million people in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) or worse, including about two million people who are in Emergency (IPC Phase 4) and face an increased risk of mortality. In a worst-case scenario, where food imports drop substantially for a sustained period of time or where conflict persistently prevents the flow of food to local markets, Famine (IPC Phase 5) is possible.

• Poor seasonal progress has led to below average harvests, an early exhaustion of food stocks, and increases in the number of people facing Stressed (IPC Phase 2) food security in parts of Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanzania, as well as some areas in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) in Uganda. Moreover, continued displacement in Burundi, flows of Burundian refugees into Tanzania and Rwanda, and flows of South Sudanese refugees into Uganda are resulting in higher than usual humanitarian assistance needs.

This brief summarizes FEWS NET’s most forward-looking analysis of projected emergency food assistance needs in FEWS NET coverage countries. The projected size of each country’s acutely food insecure population is compared to last year and the recent five-year average. Countries where external emergency food assistance needs are anticipated are identified. Projected lean season months highlighted in red indicate either an early start or an extension to the typical lean season. Additional information is provided for countries with large food insecure populations, an expectation of high severity, or where other key issues warrant additional discussion.

A Consultative Meeting of IGAD Council of Ministers was held on 17 March 20017 at the African Union Headquarters. The meeting was chaired by H.E. Dr. Workneh Gebeyehu, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and Chairperson of the IGAD Council of Ministers.

Members of the IGAD Council of Ministers in attendance were H.E. Mohamoud Ali Youssouf, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Djibouti, H.E. Abdisalam Hadji Omar Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Somalia, H.E. Prof. Ibrahim, Ghandour Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Sudan and Hon. Sam Kutesa, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uganda and Dr. Amb. Monica Juma, Principal Secretary of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kenya. The meeting was also attended by the IGAD Executive Secretary Amb(Eng.) Mahboub Maalim.
The key items on the meeting’s agenda were: the dire humanitarian situation in the IGAD region due to drought emergencies and cases of famine as well as regional peace and security issues particularly developments in Somalia and South Sudan.
On humanitarian issues, the meeting expressed serious concerns about drought emergencies and cases of famine currently affecting well over 20 million people. It also acknowledged the likelihood of further deterioration of the situation due to low rainfall forecasts for the coming months that will lead to further collapse of agricultural production. In this regard, the Council called for enhanced support by the international community to complement efforts at national and regional level.
On South Sudan, the Council noted with serious concern the lack of progress in the implementation of the Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) of August 2015 as well as the continued violence across the country. The Council further noted with serious concern the humanitarian catastrophe unfolding in the country resulting from high-levels of insecurity coupled with serious limitations of access by humanitarian agencies to the affected population.
The Council was unanimous in its support to the national dialogue process that was initiated by the Transitional Government of National Unity (TGoNU).
The Council called upon the TGoNU to ensure that the national dialogue is allinclusive.
The Council further called upon the parties to the conflict to agree on cessation of hostilities to pave way for a speedy implementation of ARCSS.
The Council underlined the importance of expeditious deployment of the Regional Protection Force (RPF) and requested the TGoNU to complete the facilitation required for deployment. The Council also emphasized the need for strong international support to the deployment.
The Council further reaffirmed that it pursues a common and unified position on regional matters related to peace, security and humanitarian affairs particularly on the current situation in South Sudan and accords highest priority to address all outstanding issues in unison.
On Somalia, the Council lauded the successful conduct of general elections as a milestone achievement. The Council underlined the critical need for continued support to AMISOM and advised against any decrease in support from the international community, which will have a direct bearing on the security situation in the country. The Council also emphasized the need to strengthen the Somali security apparatus as a sustainable solution to the security of Somalia.
The Council recalled the pledges made in Brussels and Istanbul conferences on Somalia and appealed to those concerned to honor their pledges. The Council further called for support from the international community to invest in infrastructural development towards socio-economic recovery. The Council agreed to adopt a common position in anticipation of the London Somalia Conference in May 2017.
The Council reiterated the leading role that IGAD has played and continued to play in bringing about peace and security in South Sudan in collaboration with partners particularly with the AU and the UN. The Council also reflected on regional issues of migration and refugees as well as security and humanitarian issues in South Sudan and Somalia in anticipation of the 23 March 2017 briefing to the United Nations Security Council on South Sudan as well as the 25 March 2017 IGAD Summit on Somali Refugees.
The IGAD Executive Secretary suggested to the Council to convene a Summit of IGAD Heads of State and Government on the IGAD resilience agenda in June 2017 to showcase what the region has been able to achieve particularly through sustained investments in building resilience in the borderlands.

KEY FIGURES

35,845 Number of South Sudanese refugees who have arrived in Sudan in 2017.

2017 new refugee arrivals by state

White Nile 9,702 (27%)

South Kordofan 8,665 (24%)

East Darfur 7,275 (20%)

West Kordofan 7,170 (20%)

South Darfur 3,033 (9%)

332,885 Number of South Sudanese refugees who arrived in Sudan since December 2013.

FUNDING US$ 166.65 million Inter-agency funding requirements for activities under the RRRP 2017

US$ 3.16 million Received by 11 appealing agencies, as of 10 February 2017. 2% funded Funding gap: US$ 163.5 million

PRIORITIES

• Coordination of collaborative, inter-agency assistance to new arrivals in South Kordofan.

• Completion of biometric registration at the Kario site in East Darfur.

• State-level contingency planning for a increased influx of refugees into Sudan in 2017.

OPERATIONAL CONTEXT

Nearly 25,000 South Sudanese refugees arrived in Sudan in February, for a total of over 35,000 refugees arriving so far in 2017. It is now estimated that over 332,000 refugees have fled to Sudan since December 2013. UNHCR was expecting up to 60,000 new arrivals in Sudan in 2017; however, the rate of new arrivals has surpassed initial expectations.
In White Nile, the expansion of the Al Waral II, Al Redis II and Um Sangour sites is underway in anticipation of an increasing influx over the coming months. On 3 February, clashes close to Sudan forced the evacuation of the Al Kuek North border point. Approximately 900 people were transported to safety at the Um Sangour site. A new entry point has been established at Um Jelala, about 10 km from the border, where temporary registration of new arrivals was resumed by the Sudan Red Crescent Society (SRCS). SRCS is providing new arrivals with hot meals, water, medical assistance and nutrition screening. The refugees are then transferred to a refugee site, where they are biometrically registered by UNHCR and non-food items (NFIs) and shelter arrangements are made.
An inter-agency rapid assessment mission was conducted 21-27 February to assess the needs of refugees newly arrived to the El Amira reception centre and several settlements near El Leri, a remote area with limited access of humanitarian partners in South Kordofan. The mission met with local authorities, line ministries, host communities and refugee community leaders in Dar-Bati, Um Kawaro, and Elgoghb, and learned that the new arrivals are mostly from Upper Nile state in South Sudan, having entered Sudan on foot. Refugees are in urgent need of food, health and WASH services and NFIs. The majority of new arrivals were reported to be women, children and elderly persons with Shilluk ethnicity, with some Dinka who usually move onwards to other areas in Sudan, including Khartoum and White Nile. The mission identified 719 unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) among the new arrivals. Over 1,000 persons with special needs (PWSNs) have been identified, and vulnerability assessments are planned.
While the relationship between the refugees and host communities in the El Leri area are good, there does exist potential for friction over scarce local water resources in Dar-Bati. UNHCR began the distribution of 1,000 NFI kits to new arrivals. WFP dispatched emergency rations to cover the needs of both new arrivals and the pre-existing caseload. UNICEF is providing temporary water trucking to El Amira reception centre and El Leri for the next 45 days, while partners explore a more sustainable solution to local water shortages for refugees, which will also serve host community members who have shared available water in the area to date.
An inter-agency mission to Al Lait, North Darfur was conducted 12-16 February to determine the profile of 19,531 refugees who have resided across ten different locations since May 2016. Through field visits to hosting villages and discussions with community leaders, agencies learned that the refugees are from Northern Bahr Gazal, South Sudan and transited to North Darfur through West Kordofan. The host communities are sharing resources with the refugees; however, facilities are overstretched and require urgent multi-sector interventions including shelter and NFIs, food, health, nutrition, WASH, protection and livelihoods. The initial assessment indicates that the refugees, host community and local authorities would prefer community-based assistance with support to host communities. An inter-agency response plan is being developed. In the meantime, WFP will revisit Al Lait in mid-March to begin general food distribution, and UNHCR will conduct Level 1 (household) registration and distribute emergency shelters (ES) and NFIs.

Par Aristophane Ngargoune

P.I. Associate, UNHCR Goré Goré, 18 mars 2017 (UNHCR) - Huit jeunes réfugiés ayant bénéficié du programme DAFI (Albert Einstein German Academic Refugee Initiative) au Tchad ont reçu leurs parchemins le 17 mars 2017 dans la salle de réunion de la Sous-Délégation du HCR à Goré. Ils ont soutenu leurs travaux de fin de formation avec brio le 25 février 2017 à l’Ecole de Sante et Développement de Doba.

La cérémonie de remise de diplômes a vu la participation des responsables de la CNARR, du HCR et de l’ONG RET international. Ces huit réfugiés centrafricains (dont une fille) sont de différents camps (un d’Amboko, trois de Gondjé, deux de Dosseye, un de Maro et une de Haraze). Parmi ces lauréats ayant fini en 2017 à l’Ecole de Santé de Doba, il y a six Infirmiers Diplômés d’Etat (IDE) et 2 Agents Technique de Santé (ATS).

Prenant la parole au cours de cette cérémonie, le chef de la Sous-Délégation du HCR de Goré par intérim a félicité les lauréats tout en leur rappelant l’importance de leurs diplômes qui sont, selon lui, une solution durable dans la recherche des résultats salutaires à leur situation de réfugiés. Il a terminé en soulignant que l’éducation est un facteur de développement avant d’exhorter ces jeunes lauréats à faire un bon usage des différentes connaissances acquises.

Pour le représentant de la CNARR, l’honneur revient au HCR qui ne ménage aucun effort aux côtés du Gouvernement tchadien dans la recherche des solutions idoines aux problèmes des refugiés. La solennité de cette cérémonie s’est terminée par les mots de remerciement du répondant des lauréats qui a réitéré ses remerciements au HCR, à la CNARR et à l’ONG RET pour les opportunités de formation, l’accompagnement et le soutien multiforme durant toute la période de formation.

Le programme DAFI mis en œuvre depuis 2012 à Goré a permis la formation professionnelle de 63 réfugiés (y compris la promotion qui vient d’achever ses études). Il permet de contribuer à la promotion de l’autosuffisance des réfugiés à travers une qualification académique et professionnelle orientée vers un emploi rémunéré et porteur d’avenir pour la communauté dans son ensemble.

Cette évaluation repose sur l’étude menée par AVSF et la DRPIA sur l’état des pâturages et des points d’eau en novembre 2016 complétée par les relevés mensuels sur la disponibilité de pâturages herbacés et ligneux sur 12 sites (étoiles sur la carte ci-dessous), le déplacement de population et la disponibilité en eau pour le cheptel.

Parallèlement, un suivi sur le prix des produits alimentaires et de l’aliment bétail sur les marchés en zone pastorale est aussi effectué.

Au 10 mars 2017, la situation des pâturages est la suivante :

Le pâturage herbacé est mauvais sur toute la commune sauf dans la partie en beige sur la carte (Nord Ouest de Tarkint) où ils sont moyens à mauvais. Cette zone en beige fait l’objet d’une forte concentration d’animaux et d’après les éleveurs ces zones ne pourront encore satisfaire les besoins des animaux pour un mois. Sur cette zone, le pâturage ligneux est moyen.

Sur les zones où le pâturage est mauvais, les ressources ligneuses ont été fortement utilisées avant que les animaux commencent à se déplacer.

Dans les zones où la ressource de pâturage existe encore, les éleveurs tournent sur un rayon de 10 km autour des points d’eau.

Les marchés dans ces zones ont une fonctionnalité moyenne et il est déjà constaté une augmentation du prix de l’aliment bétail. Le prix des denrées alimentaires de base reste en revanche relativement stable de même que le prix des animaux. En effet, l’état des animaux demeure encore bon grâce à l’exploitation du fourrage aérien. Toutefois il y a peu d’achat d’animaux actuellement (faible nombre d’acheteurs). Les achats d’aliment bétail par les éleveurs ayant les moyens financiers ont commencé depuis début février.

Le risque au niveau pastoral se situe à 2 niveaux :

• Tout d’abord, un risque de surexploitation des ressources ligneuses dans la zone en beige une fois que les pâturages herbacés seront épuisés. Or dans ces zones la régénération des ligneux est très lente.

• Le second niveau de risque concerne la zone au Nord-Ouest de Tarkint car une fois ces pâturages épuisés les capacités de déplacement vers le fleuve ou vers Djébock seront périlleuses puisque les éleveurs ayant fait une transhumance précoce auront épuisés les pâturages.

• Les éleveurs comparent cette année à l’année de 1984 qui a provoqué la mortalité d’un grand nombre d’animaux.

Cette évaluation repose sur l’étude menée par AVSF et la DRPIA sur l’état des pâturages en novembre 2016 complétée par les relevés mensuels sur la disponibilité de pâturages herbacés et ligneux sur 47 sites (étoiles sur la carte ci-dessous), le déplacement de population et la disponibilité en eau pour le cheptel.

Parallèlement, un suivi sur le prix des produits alimentaires et de l’aliment bétail sur les marchés en zone pastorale est aussi effectué.

Au 10 mars 2017, la situation des pâturages est la suivante :

Le pâturage herbacé est mauvais sur toute la zone au Nord de Tombouctou sauf dans les parties en beige sur la carte où ils sont moyens à mauvais. Ces zones en beige font l’objet d’une forte concentration d’animaux et d’après les éleveurs ces zones ne pourront encore satisfaire les besoins des animaux pour une vingtaine de jours. Sur ces zones, le pâturage ligneux est moyen.

Sur les zones où le pâturage est mauvais, les ressources ligneuses sont fortement utilisées. Ainsi dans les zones où ces ressources ligneuses sont épuisées alors les mouvements des animaux se font vers les zones en beige. Dans les zones où ces ressources existent encore, les éleveurs tournent encore autour des sites (cela se matérialise sur la carte par 2 flèches). Les pâturages sur la rive gauche du fleuve sont mauvais et de nombreuses bourgoutières ont été noyées par la crue.

Les marchés dans ces zones ont une fonctionnalité moyenne et il est déjà constaté une augmentation du prix de l’aliment bétail. Le prix des denrées alimentaires de base reste en revanche relativement stable de même que le prix des animaux. En effet, l’état des animaux demeure encore bon grâce à l’exploitation du fourrage aérien. Toutefois il y a peu d’achat d’animaux actuellement (faible nombre d’acheteurs). Les achats d’aliment bétail par les éleveurs ayant les moyens financiers ont commencé depuis mi-février.

Le risque au niveau pastoral se situe à 2 niveaux :

• Tout d’abord, un risque de surexploitation des ressources ligneuses dans les zones en beige une fois que les pâturages herbacés seront épuisés. Or dans ces zones la régénération des ligneux est très lente.

• Le second niveau de risque concerne les zones au Nord de Tichift et Indiarane où les éleveurs exploitent actuellement les ressources ligneuses et une fois ces ressources épuisées ils devront faire de 100 km à 150 km pour traverser le fleuve sans pâturage (en effet d’ici là les zones en beiges seront épuisées en terme de pâturage). Dans ces cas, la valeur des animaux sera faible avec un risque élevé de mortalité. Les éleveurs comparent cette année à l’année de 1984 qui a provoqué la mortalité d’un grand nombre d’animaux.

C’est toujours la stabilité des prix, qui caractérise les marchés céréaliers au cours de cette semaine du 09 au 15 mars 2017. Comparativement à la semaine écoulée, cette stabilité s’est un peu plus renforcée. Cependant quelques légères fluctuations de prix sont observées par endroits. Celles-ci sont majoritairement des hausses de prix pour le mil sur les marchés ruraux. S’agissant des prix gros du District de Bamako, on a enregistré à Bagadadji des hausses de prix pour le riz local gambiaka et pour le riz RM40 importé et des baisses de prix pour le maïs. L’état d’approvisionnement des marchés reste dans l’ensemble satisfaisant à travers le pays.

NB : Il est à noter que l’écart important des fourchettes de prix du mil réside dans la qualité selon les zones de production. Les mil en provenance des régions de Sikasso et Mopti sont réputés de meilleure qualité que ceux de la région de Ségou.

Au cours de la période, sur les marchés ruraux, les prix pratiqués ont été les suivants:

• 125 F CFA le kilo pour le mil à Dioïla et à Sirakorola, 130 à Monimpébougou, 135 à Bla, Dioro et à Dougouolo, 139 à Macina, 140 à M’Pèssoba, Zangasso, Yorosso, Kifosso et à San, 145 à Niono, 150 à Koury, Koutiala et à Badinko, 155 à Kita, 160 à Diallassagou, Koro et à Koulogon et 165 F CFA le kilo à Diéma et à Bankass;

• 110 F CFA le kilo pour le sorgho à Yorosso, 115 à Zangasso, Kifosso, Bla et à Dougouolo, 120 à Dioïla et à Koutiala, 125 à Sirakorola, Koury, M’Pèssoba et à San, 135 à Diéma et à Badinko et 150 F CFA le kilo à Kita;

• 90 F CFA le kilo pour le maïs à Zangasso et à Yanfolila, 95 à Dioïla, 100 à Loulouni, Koury,
  Koutiala, M’Pèssoba, Yorosso et à Kifosso, 110 à Badinko et 115 F CFA le kilo à Kita;

• Et enfin 250 F CFA le kilo pour le riz local Gambiaka à Sokolo, 260 à Dioro et à Diakawèrè, 275 à Dogofri et 280 F CFA le kilo à Macina, Niono et à Shiango.

Dans le District de Bamako, par rapport à la semaine écoulée, les prix sont restés majoritairement stables. Ainsi, les prix au détail couramment pratiqués ont été de 175 F CFA le kilo pour le maïs, 200 pour le sorgho, 225 pour le mil, 250 pour les sorgho/maïs pilés, 275 pour le mil pilé, 350 pour le riz brisé importé et pour les riz RM40 importés thaïlandais et vietnamiens, 375 pour le riz local Gambiaka, 425 pour le niébé et 500 F CFA le kilo pour le fonio et pour le riz étuvé rouge.

Dans les capitales régionales, les prix pratiqués par les détaillants ont été à :

• Kayes Centre de : 200 F CFA le kilo pour le maïs, 250 pour le mil et pour le sorgho, 300 pour les sorgho/maïs pilés, 350 pour les riz importés brisé et RM40 et pour le mil pilé, 450 pour le niébé et 600 F CFA le kilo pour le fonio;

• Koulikoro Ba de : 150 F CFA le kilo pour le sorgho et pour le maïs, 175 pour le mil, 275 pour les sorgho/maïs pilés, 300 pour le mil pilé, 350 pour les riz importés brisé et RM40, 375 pour le riz local Gambiaka, 425 pour le niébé et 550 F CFA le kilo pour le fonio;

• Sikasso Centre de : 125 F CFA le kilo pour le maïs, 175 pour le sorgho, 200 pour le mil et pour le maïs pilé, 275 pour le riz étuvé blanc, 300 pour le mil pilé, 325 pour le riz BG, 350 pour le riz RM40 importé et pour le riz local Gambiaka, 375 pour le riz brisé importé, 450 pour le niébé et 600 F CFA le kilo pour le fonio;

• Ségou Centre de : 175 F CFA le kilo pour le mil, le sorgho et pour le maïs, 250 pour les mil/sorgho/maïs pilés, 350 pour le riz local Gambiaka, 450 pour le niébé et 500 F CFA le kilo pour le fonio;

• Mopti Digue de : 175 F CFA le kilo pour le sorgho et pour le maïs, 200 pour le mil, 250 pour les mil/sorgho pilés, 300 pour le riz BG, le riz étuvé rouge et pour le maïs pilé, 325 pour le riz étuvé blanc, 350 pour le riz RM40 importé et pour le riz local Gambiaka, 400 pour le niébé et 500 F CFA le kilo pour le fonio;

• Tombouctou de : 184 F CFA le kilo pour le paddy, 230 pour le mil, 250 pour le sorgho, 278 pour le riz étuvé blanc, 350 pour le riz RM40 importé et pour le riz BG, 375 pour le mil pilé, 600 pour le fonio et 625 F CFA le kilo pour le niébé;

• Gao de : 167 F CFA le kilo pour le paddy, 200 pour le sorgho et pour le maïs, 250 pour le mil et pour les sorgho/maïs pilés, 300 pour le mil pilé, 400 pour les riz importés brisé et RM40 et pour le niébé, 425 pour le riz local BG et pour le riz local Gambiaka et 750 F CFA le kilo pour le fonio.

Le contexte de déplacement au Mali reste complexe et fluide. Des mouvements de personnes déplacées résidant actuellement dans les régions du sud vers les régions du nord continuent d'être signalés. Alors que certains ont indiqué être retournés définitivement, d'autres déplacés expliquent faire des allers-retours entre le lieu de déplacement et le lieu d'origine. De nouveaux déplacements continuent également d’être signalés, les conflits intercommunautaires, l'insécurité et les affrontements ou la perspective d’un éventuel affrontement entre groupes armés étant parmi les raisons évoquées pour justifier ces nouveaux déplacements.

Afin de répondre aux besoins des populations déplacées internes, rapatriées et retournées, la Commission Mouvement de Populations (CMP) recueille et analyse les informations sur les mouvements de populations à l’intérieur du Mali, afin de fournir un état complet des mouvements de populations et à la demande de ses partenaires. Les membres de la Commission sont : la Direction Générale de la Protection Civile (Ministère de la sécurité intérieur), UNHCR, OCHA, PAM, UNICEF, ACTED, NRC, DRC, Handicap International, Solidarités International, CRS, OIM, et DNDS. Plusieurs autres entités participent régulièrement aux rencontres de la Commission.

Résumé: A la date du 28 février 2017, les partenaires de la CMP ont comptabilisé 57 408 rapatriés, ce qui correspond à une augmentation de 814 personnes par rapport aux données de Janvier 2017 (56 594 Rapatriés). Par ailleurs, environ 10 116 personnes se sont déplacées suite aux violences variées dans le cercle de Macina et environs.

March 17, 2017 - Toronto, Ontario - Global Affairs Canada

Canadians have always helped in times of crisis, and Canada’s humanitarian assistance reflects the best of Canadian values.

As a result of conflicts in northeastern Nigeria, South Sudan and Yemen, as well as a devastating drought affecting Somalia, more than 20 million people are facing extreme food insecurity, with famine already declared in parts of South Sudan.

Earlier this month, the United Nations appealed for humanitarian aid urgently, saying that this is the largest humanitarian crisis since the end of the Second World War.

Today, the Honourable Ahmed D. Hussen, Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship, on behalf of the Honourable Marie-Claude Bibeau, Minister of International Development and La Francophonie, announced that Canada will provide $119.25 million in humanitarian funding to respond to needs of crisis-affected people in Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and Yemen.

The funding announced will help provide life-saving assistance to crisis-affected people in these countries and will take into account the specific needs of women and children. It will include the provision of food and nutrition, health care services, clean water and sanitation facilities, and livelihoods support.

While most humanitarian partners have been able to deliver life-saving assistance to those in need, insecurity due to conflicts and a lack of respect for international humanitarian law has hindered the response. Canada calls on all parties to provide a safe and immediate access for humanitarian workers and allow them to do their work.

Quotes

“It is a human tragedy that the situation has deteriorated to the extent where we have over 20 million people facing starvation. This assistance will be disbursed immediately to the most affected areas. We urge all actors in the affected countries to facilitate humanitarian access so that assistance can reach those most in need.”

- Marie-Claude Bibeau, Minister of International Development and La Francophonie

“Canada is continuing its humanitarian tradition by stepping up to bring much-needed humanitarian assistance to communities in need. We work with trusted humanitarian partners that will make sure that the aid gets there quickly and goes to support the most vulnerable people.

- Ahmed D. Hussen, Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship

Quick Facts

• In 2016, Canada provided over $100 million in life-saving humanitarian assistance to crisis-affected people in all four countries.

• The assistance will be provided through experienced humanitarian partners, including UN agencies, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and Canadian and international non-governmental organizations.

• Canada’s humanitarian assistance saves lives, alleviates suffering and maintains dignity of those affected by natural disasters, conflict or acute food insecurity. 

Related Products

• Backgrounder - Canada provides funding to respond to food crises in Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and Yemen

Associated Links

• Humanitarian assistance

Contacts

Bernard Boutin
Press Secretary
Office of the Minister of International Development and La Francophonie
343-203-5977
bernard.boutin@international.gc.ca

Media Relations Office
Global Affairs Canada
343-203-7700
media@international.gc.ca
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Highlights

• Food security levels in the country remain critical, with famine declared in southern Unity state at the end of February. Access restrictions to affected areas is limiting the ability of the humanitarian community to respond. UNICEF and WFP dispatched five rapid response teams to southern Unity in late February/early March to provide immediate, lifesaving assistance to affected populations.

• The security situation in certain areas of Unity, Upper Nile, Jonglei and Greater Equatoria remains volatile due to ongoing clashes. High levels of insecurity are expected to persist through the dry season.

• The cholera outbreak in South Sudan appears to finally be receding, with only 15 new cases reported countrywide in the past week.

Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs

People in counties of southern Unity state continue to suffer from severe food insecurity, with the situation likely to continue to deteriorate until at least July 2017. Leer and Mayendit counties are currently experiencing famine, and there is a risk of famine in Koch County. According to the latest Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) update, approximately 100,000 people currently face starvation in Leer and Mayandit counties, while one million are on the edge of famine. An estimated 5.5 million people in South Sudan (47 per cent of the population) are projected to be severely food insecure at the height of the 2017 lean season between May to July 2017, and over 1.1 million children are estimated to be acutely malnourished this year.

The famine-affected and threatened areas have also seen an increased incidence of illness, especially acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea and malaria. There is an increasing demand for healthcare services, however some facilities have been deserted as the communities move closer to available water sources. On top of this, there has been an increase in cattle raiding as communities try cope. Health facilities have been looted and there has been an increase in casualties in need of medical assistance.

The recent assessment mission to Kapoeta, Eastern Equatoria in mid-February found the overall food security and livelihods situation to be at a critical level as a result of two consecutive years of minimal rainfall that led to total crop failure. The area is the only location in South Sudan currently estimated to be in a drought situation. At the time of the assessment, all water points in the counties were being shared by humans and livestock, while many schools in rural villages were closed due to non-attendence by students, with hunger among children being cited as the reason. The poor food security situation is exacerbated by the ongoing economic crisis and high commodity prices in the markets. Additionally, unprecedented levels of cattle raiding has led to a lack of access to milk and meat for the Toposa pastoral community, the main inhabitants of Greater Kapoeta.

The security situation in certain areas of Unity, Upper Nile, Jonglei and Greater Equatoria remains volatile as violent clashes between the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and the SPLA – in Opposition (SPLAiO) continue. Armed skirmishes are expected to continue in the coming months until the end of the dry season. In addition, increased levels of cattle rustling is contributing to the high levels of insecurity in some areas.

Wau town continues to experience a critical water shortage as the Wau Urban Water System remains closed due fuel for operation being unavailable. Meanwhile, the water situation in Juba has improved as a result of increased access to fuel. Two water treatment plants are now operating at about 50 per cent capacity, and water trucking to the UN House Protection of Civilians (PoC) site is ongoing.
The number of cholera cases reported in the country remains low, with only 15 new cases reported in the past week, originating from Yirol and Malakal. Since the beginning of March, 91 new cases have been reported from Awerial (Lakes), Bor (Jonglei), Rubkona (Unity), Yirol East (Lakes) and Malakal (Upper Nile).

Since the cholera outbreak first began on 18 June 2016, a total of 5,574 cholera cases and 137 deaths have been reported, with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 2.46 per cent. Overall, Yirol East has seen the highest number of deaths out of all the affected counties, despite the first cholera case in the county only being reported on 3 February 2017. Since then, 342 cases and 31 deaths have been reported, for an overall CFR of 9 per cent.

Meanwhile, the number of measles cases in the country is rapidly declining, with only 11 new cases reported in the past two weeks.

By Busani Bafana

DUBAI, UAE, Mar 18 2017 (IPS) - Though still fearful for her life and the safety of her family, one of the girls who escaped abduction by Boko Haram in Nigeria has appealed to global leaders to intervene and help bring back 195 schoolgirls still being held by the terrorist network.

Next month it will be three years since the Nigerian militants abducted more than 270 girls from the town of Chibok in northeastern Nigeria.

Last October, the Boko Haram fighters freed 21 of the girls, including one with a baby that triggered global outrage and spurred the social media campaign #BringBackOurGirls.

Telling our story

“We have to share our story and tell the world about it for the world to know,’ the student, using a pseudonym to protect her identity, Sa’a* (20) said at press conference on the sidelines of the two-day Global Education and Skills Forum.

Earlier SAA and another girl, identified as Rachel*, who lost her father and siblings to Boko Haram, told the Forum that the kidnapping of the schoolgirls was a painful episode that the world should not forget.

“The only thing we need to do is to ask the world leaders to bring back the girls. We cannot do anything other than speak out,” said SAA, who escaped from the clutches of Boko Haram. She jumped off a moving truck when the group attacked and burnt her school and books in Borno State in April 2014.

Sa’a, who was moved from Nigeria and is currently studying in the United States, said the traumatic ordeal should not be allowed to happen to any student. Her resolve to continue her schooling was the reason she has come out publicly about her experience.

“Every child needs to be educated and to go to school,” Sa’a said. “We must never forget this until all the girls are safely back. Next month it will not be three days but three years and they are not back. It is painful.”

Sa’a told the conference that after they were abducted and forced at gunpoint into trucks, she decided to jump off a moving truck together with a friend who sustained injuries. They were helped by a shepherd and made their way to safety.

Emmanuel Ogebe is a human rights lawyer and director of the Education Must Continue Initiative, which has assisted child victims and IDPs from conflicts, primary Boko Haram. Most of the victims are in Nigeria and a handful in the United States.

“Most venerable targets of Boko Haram have been educational institutions and religious institutions. Pastors have been killed in thousands and over 600 teachers have been killed by Boko Haram and we see vulnerability in both areas,” Ogebe told IPS.

“It is a painful situation of what happened to the girls because we understand that there were early warnings that the terrorists were going to strike and supported by the fact that teachers escaped and left the girls. The sense of failure to protect is very story in addition to the fact that the government did not protect the girls at school even when they were warned.”

Since January this year, Sa’a has started college under a project by the Education Must Continue Initiative, a charity which has helped about 3000 other internally-displaced children go to school. She now has an ambition to study science and medicine.

Hope persists

“My dream is to be a medical doctor in the future and inspire others and go back to my home country and help those kids to go back to school and assist others get the education they deserve,” Sa’a says.

Rachel, who is back at school in Nigeria, says she wanted to be medical doctor as well but would now like to be a top ranking military officer after what happened to her father and three brothers.

“I would like to contribute to a better nation. I am not conformable because of what I have seen and I feel bad,” Rachel said. “Some girls cannot go to school now because of what happened and do not value education because without education they can survive. This is sad.”

Rachel is a teenager that went to school in northeast Nigeria. Her father was a plainclothes policeman who had moved his family with him to a smaller town where he thought it would be safer. He was assigned to protect the local church. Rachel’s mum found a job working in the Education department of the church that her father was on security detail to.

Then one day in late 2014, Boko Haram terrorists attacked the church that her father had been assigned to protect. Rachel’s father fled to his house to gather his children. Unfortunately, as they tried to escape, they ran into the terrorists who shot dead her father and three younger brothers on the spot. They were 14, 12 and 10 years old and in secondary and primary school, respectively.

Vikas Pota, Chief Execuive of the Varkey Foundation, the hosts of the Global Education Forum, said the Boko Haram question is wider than simply the question of the girls, and is related to Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Nigeria and elsewhere. He said collective action was needed to make the world more inclusive thereby creating an environment to access education to all.

“I think it is ridiculous in today’s age that so many girls and all the human intelligence that exists that we do not know where these girls are. It shows we do not care,” Pota told IPS, adding that,” As a father, how can we tolerate this situation? I think the government not – just the Nigerian one but governments around the world – should help and make sure this situation is resolved.”

*True identities have been changed to protect their families.

FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT

• Concerns over performance of upcoming 2017 cropping season in the Far North Region

• Reduced 2016 crop production due to erratic rainfall and civil insecurity in northern areas

• Low inflation rates in recent years

• Alarming food insecurity situation in northern and eastern regions due to refugee influx and internal displacements

Concerns over the upcoming 2017 cropping season in Far North Region, strong livelihood support required

In bi‑modal rainfall areas of the Centre and the South, planting of the 2017 maize crop started recently. According to remote sensing analysis, the onset of the rainy season was timely, with southern areas beginning to receive rains in the second dekad of February (see estimated precipitation map).

In the uni‑modal rainfall areas of the North, planting of sorghum and millet is expected to begin in May. Agricultural operations continue to be severely affected by civil unrest which spread from neighbouring Nigeria in late 2014. The widespread insecurity resulted in displacement of people, caused input shortages and depleted households’ productive assets that were already inadequate, due to recurrent climatic shocks which have eroded the resilience capacity of a large number of households. As a result, a reduced agricultural output for the third consecutive year is likely and a timely and effective support to the agricultural sector is required to mitigate the extent of the impact of the protracted and widespread insecurity on the agricultural sector.

To help avert a full-scale food security and nutrition crisis, in the framework of the 2017 Humanitarian Response Plan, FAO is appealing for USD 4.6 million to respond to the needs of 100 000 crisis-hit farmers, by supporting crop and vegetable production through the distribution of cowpea, maize, sorghum and vegetable seeds, fertilizers and bio-pesticides and supporting livestock production through livestock infrastructure and water points rehabilitation, small ruminants and poultry restocking and animal vaccination.

Reduced 2016 crop production due to erratic rainfall and civil insecurity in northern areas

In bi-modal rainfall areas of the Centre and the South, harvesting of the 2016 second season maize crops was completed last January, while the main season harvest was concluded in October 2016. According to satellite-based analysis, abundant rains from March to May were followed in parts by erratic and below-average rainfall from June to September, with a negative impact on long‑cycle main season crops and early‑planted second season crops. Subsequently, adequate precipitation in October was followed by an early cessation of rains in mid-November. As a result, the 2016 maize production was reportedly below the last five-year average level.

Low inflation rates in recent years

According to the International Monetary Fund, the average inflation rate, which was estimated at a low of 2 percent in 2015 and 2016, is forecast to remain stable in 2017.In the last several years, rates of inflation were highly volatile, varying from a low of 1 percent in 2007 to 5 percent in 2008 and then declining to 3 percent in 2009 and to 1 percent in 2010. Rates rose again in 2011 to 3 percent, before progressively declining to 1.9 percent in 2014.

Alarming food insecurity situation in northern and eastern regions due to refugee influx and internal displacements

The overall food security situation has sharply deteriorated in 2015 and 2016 due to multiple shocks, including the influx of refugees from the Central African Republic and Nigeria, increasing civil insecurity and natural hazards. The number of food insecure people is currently estimated at 2.6 million, more than twice the level in 2014. The area most affected by food insecurity is the Far North Region, where 59 percent of the food insecure caseload is located. In this region, substantial and increasing number of households are resorting to negative coping strategies. According to a survey carried out in December 2016, 22 percent of the interviewed households had reduced the number of meals, 51 percent had switched to less nutritious types of food, 10 percent had sold productive assets including female livestock and 8 percent had cut essential non-food expenses including health, sanitation and education.

As of late January 2016, the number of refugees from the Central African Republic, who sought refuge mainly in East and Adamaoua regions after a surge in violence in December 2013, were estimated at about 143 000 people. Taking into account the refugees who had entered the country since 2004, the total number of refugees from the Central African Republic residing in Cameroon is currently put at about 276 000 people.

Refugees from Nigeria, who entered the country following the deterioration of the security situation in Borno State in June 2013, were estimated at about 85 000 in early March 2017 and are located in the Far North Region. In addition, civil unrest spread from Nigeria into the region and displaced about 192 000 Cameroonians.

Background on IYCF /CG project

• IMC preventive nutrition project/IYCF with CG model started on November 2016

• IMC uses the care group model, mass education, individual counseling, and community dialog for IYCF services

• Key IYCF intervention areas:

  Importance of early initiation of breastfeeding

  Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months age

  Complementary feeding for children 6-23 months old

  Timely introduction of complementary feeding for children 6-23 months old with continued breastfeeding up to two years and beyond,

  Feeding of the sick child

  Good nutrition during pregnancy and lactation and improved hygiene practices

  Balanced diet, hygiene and sanitation, maternal and child health (MCH)

  Cooking demonstration using local available food commodities