Context
Lower Juba borders Middle Juba and Gedo to the north, Kenya to the west, Middle Juba to the northeast and the Indian Ocean to the east. The region has four districts: Kismaayo, Jamaame, Afmadow and Badhaadhe. In mid-2012, AMISOM/Kenyan Defense Forces (KDF) and Somalia National Army took control of the town of Kismayo, in addition to the districts of Afmadw and Badhaadhe, which were under their control since the start of 2012. Al-Shabaab still controls Jamaame district. The port of Kismaayo serves an economic hub, and generates revenue from major exports and imports, mainly charcoal. Lower Juba has a total population of approximately 385,790people. The majority of the population consists of agro-pastoralists and riverine communities, while pastoralists live in the northern parts of Afmadow and Badhaadhe districts.