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Niger: Case Study: Niger, Jan 2015 – Aug 2016

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Source: Médecins Sans Frontières
Country: Chad, Niger, Nigeria

Insufficient humanitarian response to crisis in Diffa

Despite having saved thousands of lives, the humanitarian system’s internal dynamics and security restrictions have undermined the deployment of a timely, flexible and sufficient response for the hundreds of thousands of people affected by the conflict in Diffa.

The humanitarian system in Diffa has failed to achieve a reasonably effective response level to this emergency, according to a report published by MSF. This failure is mainly due to three reasons: ineffective coordination and prioritisation of needs among humanitarian actors, an inability to adapt quickly from a development approach to an emergency approach, and limits on access to certain populations.

The region of Diffa, which borders Nigeria and Chad in southeastern Niger, has been suffering from the consequences of the conflict between Boko Haram and the different armies in the area since 2014. In recent weeks, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has assisted hundreds of newly displaced people following attacks on their communities attributed to Boko Haram.

According to local authorities, there are currently more than 250,000 displaced people in the region, between refugees, returnees and internally displaced people, and 100,000 more are living in a situation of extreme vulnerability. An estimated three-quarters of the population are depending entirely on humanitarian aid to survive.

“Humanitarian aid in Diffa has saved the lives of tens of thousands of displaced people, and continues to help hundreds of thousands of people to survive, both displaced people and local residents,” explains Jon Edwards, the author of MSF’s report. “However, the success criteria in this field should be very demanding – we cannot be content just with people managing to avoid death.”

Funding for humanitarian aid in Diffa is insufficient, and competition among the different actors to access the same funds has hindered coordination and a more effective joint response. Several organisations have claimed that they were covering specific needs in a particular place without having the real capacity to assume responsibility for such activities. This lack of coordination has been aggravated by the delay in establishing a proper leadership able to forecast needs and mobilise the different actors to cover them.

Furthermore, development-focused humanitarian programmes – which existed in Diffa even before the crisis – have slowed down, and even cancelled out, early responses to major emergencies, for which other types of interventions are needed. For example, there has been a great reluctance to eliminate the costs that patients must pay to access healthcare, despite these being a clear impediment to ensuring access to health services, especially during a crisis.

Finally, the limitations on access for humanitarian actors may have left many people in need without any assistance. These limitations are imposed by local authorities, supposedly for security reasons, and are also self-imposed by the humanitarian organisations and UN agencies themselves that have strict internal criteria.

“Despite the difficulties facing the humanitarian community in Diffa, it is imperative that we work harder and better in view of the population’s desperate needs. Populations in informal displacement camps still have very basic unmet needs and displacement continues to happen,” explains Mari Carmen Viñoles, MSF’s programme manager for Sahel. “Many displaced people have been taken in by the local population and the vast majority of people in the region are in an extremely vulnerable situation. They are dependent on foreign aid.”

According to the UN, two out of every three displaced people in Diffa have been forced to flee more than once. Faced with this crisis, the humanitarian community must be able to innovate and adapt its response to find solutions for the affected populations.

MSF in Diffa

Since the end of 2014, MSF has been working in the Diffa region to assist people fleeing from the violence linked to the presence of the Boko Haram group and military intervention in the area. MSF ensures free medical and psychological assistance in nine health centres in the region. In addition, the organisation is supporting the supply of drinking water, the installation of latrines and the distribution of essential items in various towns and places where displaced people, refugees and returnees have gathered.

Project: Emergency Gap

This report on Diffa is part of MSF’s “Emergency Gap” project, which aims to analyse the absence of effective and meaningful emergency response in the acute phase of armed conflict, at a time of growing levels of humanitarian crises and needs. “Emergency Gap” is a project of the MSF Operational Centre Barcelona Athens (OCBA).


Niger: Étude de cas: Niger, janvier 2015 - août 2016

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Source: Médecins Sans Frontières
Country: Chad, Niger, Nigeria

Résumé

Cette étude de cas de la réponse du « système humanitaire » aux crises de déplacement entraînées par des conflits dans la région de Diffa, au Niger, a pour but de déterminer si le système est adapté aux objectifs, ou si, en d’autres termes, il y a un « écart en situation d’urgence ».
L’écart en situation d’urgence fait référence ici à l’incapacité d’atteindre un niveau de réponse pouvant être raisonnablement attendu, autrement dit, de formuler une réponse que le système humanitaire international devrait être en mesure de livrer.

Ce rapport conclut qu’il existe un décalage dans ce que l’on pourrait raisonnablement attendre en termes de réponse humanitaire efficace, et que les raisons de cet écart se trouvent à la fois dans une analyse des dynamiques internes du système, mais aussi dans toutes les contraintes externes.
Le système peine à apporter une aide opportune, étendue, flexible et suffisante en raison de divers facteurs :

1) le financement concurrentiel et la dynamique de coordination, 2) l’influence des normes politiques en vigueur, qui orientent les programmes de développement et minimisent la nécessité d’une capacité d’intervention d’urgence spécialisée, et 3) le manque d’envie de contester les orthodoxies et les limites d’accès imposées par les autorités militaires, en partie en raison d’une complaisance quant au nombre de postes d’accès facile.

Le premier point problématique, c’est-à-dire le financement concurrentiel et la dynamique de coordination, englobe les questions liées à un recours excessif à la collecte de données, une dynamique interne de concurrence entre les acteurs, des conflits internes au sein de l’ONU et l’adoption d’un comportement de recherche de rente de la part de quelques personnes dans certaines agences. À Diffa, la dépendance du système humanitaire dirigé par l’ONU à un modèle inflexible de collecte de données, sur lequel se basent les approbations de financement, a affaibli la capacité d’apporter une réaction rapide et appropriée à la nature dynamique de la crise. L’effet paralysant qu’entraîne la nécessité d’apporter des données complètes pour déverrouiller le financement, et donc de commencer ou d’étendre les activités d’intervention, est aggravé par l’environnement concurrentiel acteur/donateur, qui ralentit également une coordination et une couverture humanitaire efficaces.

L’histoire des premiers mois de l’intervention d’urgence met en évidence une réalité, peut-être attristante, qui se reflète dans les agences de mise en œuvre, les ONGI et même les agences de l’ONU, qui se comportent et sont incités à se comporter comme des organisations individuelles avec des besoins, des motivations et des objectifs individuels. Ces organismes coordonnent, collaborent et coopèrent uniquement par nécessité financière et administrative. Cette situation mène à un nombre de pratiques potentiellement nuisibles. La pratique qui a le plus de conséquences dans le contexte de la crise à Diffa est sans doute « le planté du drapeau ». Cette pratique, qui permet de revendiquer l’attribution d’un secteur d’activité déterminé dans un emplacement spécifique, afin d’éviter le partage de cette responsabilité avec un acteur rival, et de profiter de l’argent et du pouvoir qui y sont associés, a été signalée, y compris dans des lieux où l’attribution revendiquée ne répondait pas aux besoins de la population vulnérable. Ces pratiques ainsi que toutes les autres pratiques similaires soulignent la nécessité d’améliorer les mesures incitatives et d’établir une plus grande coordination.

Malheureusement, les agences de l’ONU ont aggravé le problème en ouvrant à la concurrence le rôle de coordination pour retarder la mise en place de systèmes de direction efficaces sur le terrain. Cette dynamique concurrentielle a assurément retardé les interventions, a nui aux actions de couverture des besoins et a limité la mobilisation des ressources.

Le second point problématique à Diffa est l’influence de l’approche de développement qui prévaut dans les programmes humanitaires, ce qui est défavorable à la capacité des acteurs à aller plus vite en situation d’urgence. La prévalence de cette approche a abouti à la déqualification des acteurs humanitaires en ce qui concerne la capacité d’intervention en situation d’urgence, ainsi qu’à l’inertie qui ralentit, voire empêche, l’adaptation nécessaire à une vitesse de réponse en situation d’urgence permettant de passer des programmes de développement aux interventions d’urgence. Cette inertie se manifeste par la réticence du personnel à adopter de nouveaux modes d’action, ainsi que par la réticence de certains donateurs à permettre aux programmes de développement existants de s’adapter rapidement pour répondre aux nouveaux défis liés à la crise. Cette situation a été particulièrement visible dans la volonté tenace de certains agents à conserver le paiement d’honoraires pour la prestation de services de soins de santé, même si cela représentait un obstacle évident à l’accès aux soins de santé pour les populations déplacées. Cette nécessité de réadaptation est encore entravée par un manque critique de ressources humaines expérimenté, à la fois en interne au sein des ONGI ou des acteurs de l’ONU, mais aussi au sein de la réserve locale de talents.

Malgré cela, la définition normative des donateurs et des personnes en charge de l’application de ces normes continue à promouvoir la localisation de l’intervention. Cette pratique nuit incontestablement à l’efficacité de l’intervention en plaçant le dogme politique au-dessus des réalités locales.

Le troisième facteur empêchant la formulation d’une réponse plus efficace en situation d’urgence est la réticence des agences de l’ONU et des ONGI à contester les normes de sécurité et les décisions des autorités locales ayant limité l’accès aux populations vulnérables, vraisemblablement pour des raisons de sécurité.

Nous ne savons pas combien de personnes déplacées et de populations locales n’ont pas eu accès à l’aide humanitaire à cause des restrictions militaires. Ce qui est plus sûr, en revanche, est le manque d’efforts conjugués de la part des acteurs de l’intervention humanitaire pour contester ces restrictions d’accès, fixées par les autorités locales, ou encore pour contester leurs propres limites internes, en particulier en ce qui concerne les consignes de sécurité. Cette situation s’explique en grande partie par le fait que les acteurs pouvaient dépenser les ressources disponibles pour couvrir les besoins des personnes faciles d’accès, sans avoir à monter des opérations plus difficiles et risquées. Cependant, comme la situation de l’autre côté de la frontière au Nigeria l’a tragiquement démontré, il reste un impératif humanitaire : celui de tenter d’accéder aux populations éloignées, même lorsque la demande humanitaire est excédentaire au sein des populations plus accessibles, et même si cela implique de faire front aux autorités militaires.

Malgré ces critiques, le système a livré une réponse vitale incontestable à plusieurs dizaines de milliers de personnes déplacées et poursuit ses efforts pour aider des centaines de milliers de communautés locales déplacées et vulnérables à survivre. Les principales agences de l’ONU ont des compétences incontestables dans la mise en place et la gestion des camps, ainsi que dans la distribution de nourriture et d’autres produits essentiels, mais les capacités concernant l’eau et l’assainissement ne sont pas aussi clairement mises en évidence. En outre, le gouvernement (du moins les autorités civiles) a fait preuve d’une volonté et de compétences de base pour faciliter, sinon coordonner, l’accès et la mise en œuvre humanitaires. Jusqu’à présent, les interventions ont empêché les situations d’urgence de se transformer en catastrophe, mais il faut noter que plusieurs vies n’ont certainement pas pu être sauvées en raison de l’accès limité aux populations en fuite.

Pour les agents humanitaires, la barre doit être placée très haut. S’installer là où les populations ciblées évitent de peu la mort dans la recherche de résultats est une pratique absolument inacceptable. Une partie très claire de l’état d’esprit adopté (ou qui devrait être adopté) dans les interventions d’urgence est le refus d’accepter ce type de mauvais résultats et une volonté d’innover, d’adapter et de lutter pour trouver des solutions pour les populations touchées.

Le système humanitaire actuel continuera à être évalué au Niger. Une meilleure adaptabilité doit être intégrée au système afin d’assurer une planification efficace à l’avenir permettant de se préparer aux mouvements continus prévisibles, aux déplacements prolongés et précaires et aux ressources et méthodes spécialisées à déployer.

Pour éliminer cet écart en situation d’urgence, tous les acteurs devront adopter une position de défi face aux besoins humanitaires, afin de se renseigner, de pousser et de faire pression, de sorte que s’ils ne parviennent pas à accéder aux populations ayant besoin d’aide humanitaire, ce ne sera pas parce que personne n’a essayé.

Nigeria: Nigeria Emergency Operations - IOM Regional Response Situation Report | 1 – 15 December 2016

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Source: International Organization for Migration
Country: Nigeria

SITUATION OVERVIEW

In North–East Nigeria, as well as in the surrounding regions of Niger, Chad and Cameroon, security and humanitarian conditions continue to deteriorate as populations flee violence and conflict. There are nearly 1.8 million persons displaced by the conflict, with the largest IDP populations located in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe States, corresponding to 92 per cent of the total IDP population. The vast majority of IDPs identified during the assessments live in host communities (75.66%)

In the last few months, IOM has reached over 15 newly accessible areas in Borno State with 300,000 additional people in need of immediate humanitarian assistance. The last Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) assessments show that food is the biggest unmet need with more than half the surveyed people (66%) reporting that lack of food as their most urgent need. The need for Non‐food items (NFIs), such as blankets and mattresses, was reported as the second most urgent gap with 15 per cent citing it as their most unmet need. Other urgent unmet needs included shelter, water, sanitation and hygiene, and security.

HIGHLIGHTS

The Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Round XIII report was released. As of 15 October, nearly 1.8million IDPs have been identified across six states. Biometric registration continued in Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe, where 445,460 IDPs have been registered.

IOM has completed the construction of 770 emergency shelters in Pulka (250), Konduga (220) and Nganzai (300) in order to ensure that 5,390 affected people have access to shelter.

IOM’s psychosocial team reached 6,622 displaced people in Maiduguri, Yola, Chibok and five newly accessible areas through counselling, recreational activities and focus group discussions.

Nigeria: Northeast Nigeria: Average Caloric Value of Food Assistance Provided as a % of IDP Energy Needs, August - October 2016

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Source: Famine Early Warning System Network
Country: Nigeria

Nigeria: Northeast Nigeria: Average Caloric Value of Food Assistance Provided as a % of LGA Population Energy Needs, August - October 2016

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Source: Famine Early Warning System Network
Country: Nigeria

Nigeria: Northeast Nigeria: Current Food Security Outcomes in Large IDP Concentrations, November 2016

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Source: Famine Early Warning System Network
Country: Nigeria

Nigeria: Northeast Nigeria: Areas with High Risk of Famine in The Coming Year, November 2016

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Source: Famine Early Warning System Network
Country: Nigeria

Nigeria: Nigeria in talks to secure release of more Chibok girls, official says

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Source: Reuters - Thomson Reuters Foundation
Country: Nigeria

Around 270 girls were taken in April 2014 from their school in Chibok, Borno state, where Boko Haram has waged a seven-year insurgency

LAGOS, Dec 22 (Reuters) - Nigerian authorities are involved in negotiations aimed at securing the release of some of the more than 200 girls kidnapped by Boko Haram in 2014 in the northeastern Nigerian town of Chibok, the president's spokesman said on Thursday.

His comments, posted on Twitter, came in response to reports in Nigeria's media that some of the girls had been released by the Islamist militant group, which he said were untrue.

Read more on the Thomson Reuters Foundation.


Nigeria: West Africa: IPC V2.0 Acute Food Insecurity Phase: ML1 (Near Term) – October 2016 to January 2017

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Source: Famine Early Warning System Network
Country: Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria

Nigeria: West Africa: IPC V2.0 Acute Food Insecurity Phase: ML2 (Medium Term) – February to May 2017

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Source: Famine Early Warning System Network
Country: Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria

Mali: WFP Mali Country Brief, November 2016

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Source: World Food Programme
Country: Mali

Highlights

  • WFP continued to provide seasonal assistance and emergency support to 150,000 food-insecure people and to displaced households and host communities affected by conflict.

  • A national assessment on food and nutrition security carried out in September 2016 reveals that 25 percent of the Malian population is food-insecure, of which 4 percent is severely food-insecure. There are, however, large pockets of food-insecurity in Gao, Timbuktu, Mopti Segou and Kayes where some segments of the population are between 40 to 70 percent food insecure.

Operational Updates

  • The September 2016 Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions (SMART) survey on global acute malnutrition estimated that 10.6 percent of children suffer from acute malnutrition—which is above the World Health Organization’s Global Acute Malnutrition threshold of 10 percent and rates in Gao and Timbuktu region are at 14.8 and 14.3 percent, respectively.

  • In total, WFP assisted 315,605 people in November, as compared to 340,641 in October 2016, through food and voucher distributions, malnutrition treatment activities and resilience-building interventions. The decrease in the number of people assisted is related to the downscaling of food distribution activities at the end of the lean season.

  • While seasonal assistance ended, WFP still targeted 150,000 people affected by conflict, flooding and facing high food insecurity. In addition, 30,750 children between 6-23 months and 16,310 pregnant and nursing women received nutrition support to prevent malnutrition.

Cameroon: WFP Cameroon Country Brief, November 2016

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Source: World Food Programme
Country: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Nigeria

Highlights

  • WFP plans to assist 80,000 children in the Boko Haram affected areas of the Far North region by introducing an emergency school meals programme in January 2017.
    The programme will aim to encourage school enrolment, especially for young girls who face risk of early marriages and other protection issues, while improving children's diet and nutrition.

  • WFP and the UN launched the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence Campaign in November, emphasizing awareness raising for preventing and eliminating violence against women and girls.

  • On 16 November, UNHAS celebrated one year of services to the humanitarian community in Cameroon.

Operational Updates

  • WFP continues to respond to the needs of refugees, IDPs, and other vulnerable groups in Cameroon’s Far North and eastern regions through a mix of in-kind food distributions, cash-based transfers and nutrition support activities.

  • Food Assistance: In November, WFP assisted 167,000 Nigerian refugees, IDPs and vulnerable local populations in the Far North region and 132,000 C.A.R refugees in the eastern regions with in-kind food and cash transfers.
    In addition, 45,000 IDPs and C.A.R refugees received cash-based transfers through WFP’s mobile money platform.

  • Nutrition: Scale up of nutrition programmes continue.
    In November, activities were expanded to two new health districts in the Far North region, reaching 84,000 children 6-23 months. In the eastern regions, the programmes target 40,000 children 6-23 months.
    Distribution of supplementary nutritious food are coupled with health services packages, including vaccinations, deworming and vitamin A supplementation, implemented in collaboration with UNICEF, the Health Ministry and other partners.

  • In the Far North region, WFP monitoring results continue to show improvements in the food consumption patterns of IDPs and local populations receiving WFP food assistance. Though the levels remain below the accepted threshold, food consumption scores at 61.7 percent amongst the IDP population and 62.9 percent for the vulnerable local population. IDPs receiving cash transfers report better levels of food consumption at 96.4 percent, which indicate that cash transfers may be more effective in ensuring households’ dietary diversity.

  • Extension of the Emergency Operations is underway until December 2017, with emphasis on expanding cash-based programming and recovery support activities for C.A.R refugees and IDPs in protracted displacement situations.

  • Assessments: WFP, FAO and the Government carried out a joint Crop and Food Security Assessment Mission (CFSAM) in mid-November to assess the 2016 crop year, food availability and market conditions in Cameroon’s four most vulnerable regions: the East,
    Adamawa, North and Far North. Preliminary findings are expected by mid-December.

Nigeria: IOM Helps 140 Stranded Nigerian Migrants Return Home from Libya

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Source: International Organization for Migration
Country: Libya, Nigeria

Libya - On Tuesday (20/12) IOM assisted 140 stranded Nigerian migrants, including 83 women and 57 men, three migrants in need of medical assistance, and six unaccompanied child migrants to return home to Nigeria from Libya.

The IOM charter flight, which was coordinated in close cooperation with the Libyan authorities, the Nigerian Embassy and Libya’s Directorate for Combating Irregular Migration (DCIM) departed Tripoli’s Mitiga Airport at 1:20 pm and reached Lagos at 4:30 pm in the afternoon the same day.

IOM interviewed the migrants before departure and provided health checks to ensure that they were fit to travel. IOM also distributed new clothes and shoes to all 140 migrants before the flight.

The migrants included 27-year-old Rose, who left Nigeria with her family. She came to Libya looking for work and a better life. But her house was robbed and she lost everything. Her husband was beaten and Rose was taken to a detention centre where she spent two months. Her son was taken care of by his school teachers.

After what she went through in Libya, Rose is now looking forward to returning home with her son. “I would not advise anyone (Nigerian) to go to Libya,” she said.

The repatriation was funded by Italy, Norway and the European Union.

For further information, please contact IOM Libya. Othman Belbeisi, Tel: +216 29 600389, Email: obelbeisi@iom.int or Ashraf Hassan, Tel +216 29 794707, Email: ashassan@iom.int

Chad: Tchad: Mise à jour sur les personnes en situation de reddition dans la région du Lac - Rapport de Situation no 3 (23/12/2016)

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Chad

Ce rapport a été produit par OCHA en collaboration avec les partenaires humanitaires et concerne les personnes en situation de reddition. Il est publié par OCHA Tchad et couvre la période du 2 au 22 décembre 2016. Le prochain rapport sera publié vers le 6 janvier 2017.

Faits saillants

  • La majorité des 714 enfants et femmes remis aux chefs de leurs cantons d’origine a été transférée dans leurs villages d’origine. Une équipe composée de la Délégation Régionale de l’Action Sociale du Lac, UNICEF et deux ONG nationales s’est rendue dans les lieux de réinstallation dans les cantons de Bol, Boudouma Dallah, Magui, Madjigodja, Isséirom et Nguelea 1 pour la vérification et l’information sur les conditions de réintégration communautaires.

  • Au total, 63 enfants ont été réunifiés avec leurs familles, dont 58 enfants du Centre de Transit et d’Orientation (CTO) de Bol et cinq autres enfants réunifiés directement depuis Melia à leurs familles.

  • 316 hommes et adolescents masculins sont toujours internés dans le lycée de Baga Sola, sans clarification de leur statut et avec une situation alimentaire préoccupante.

  • Trois enfants sont toujours au CTO de Bol en attente de réunification familiale.

316 Personnes au lycée de Baga Sola Dont : 12 identifiés comme enfants lors d’une nouvelle évaluation menée au lycée de BagaSola et en attente de transfert au CTO Sources : autorités, UNICEF (au 21/12 Enfants suspectés d’association à un groupe armé dans le CTO de Bol en attente de réunification Sources: autorités, UNICEF (au 21/12)

3 Enfants suspectés d’association à un groupe armé dans le CTO de Bol en attente de réunification Sources: autorités, UNICEF (au 21/12)

714 Femmes et enfants transférés dans leurs villages d’origine Source: autorités

63 Enfants réunifiés avec leurs familles Source: UNICEF

Aperçu de la situation

Le plaidoyer de la communauté humanitaire continue pour clarifier certains éléments et déterminer ainsi les éventuels besoins d’assistance humanitaire directe ou indirecte. Le plaidoyer porte sur :

  • La clarification du statut des personnes toujours internées ;

  • Une désagrégation (par âge) des personnes toujours sur le site d’internement.

Par ailleurs, la libération du lycée de Baga-Sola, actuellement utilisé comme un site de rassemblement des personnes en situation de reddition, et la réparation des équipements scolaires détruits, sont un impératif afin de préserver le caractère éducatif de l’institution et la distinction entre les mandats civil et militaire.

Selon les autorités locales, la situation alimentaire des personnes toujours dans le lycée de Baga-Sola reste préoccupante et nécessite un plaidoyer auprès du gouvernement pour la prise en charge de leur besoins en vivres, afin d’éviter des risques humanitaires. Selon plusieurs sources, le 22 décembre, plus de 70 personnes seraient ainsi sorties du site en quête de nourriture.

La situation reste dynamique car les redditions continuent. 13 personnes se seraient rendues le 17 décembre et deux le 18 décembre. 42 autres attendraient à Tchoukoutalia d’être transférées à Baga Sola.

La montée des eaux du Lac dans les zones insulaires a un impact sur les mouvements et limite l’accès humanitaire, complexifiant les missions de suivi post-réunification familiale et post-retour dans ces zones.

Chad: Chad: Update on the people having allegedly surrendered in the Lac region, Situation Report no 3 (23/12/2016)

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Chad

Highlights

  • The majority of the 714 children and women handed over to the chiefs of their cantons of origin were transferred to their villages of origin. A team composed of the Regional Delegation for Social Action in the Lac region (DRAS-Lac), UNICEF and two national NGOs visited the locations of return in Bol, Boudouma Dallah, Magui, Madjigodja, Isséirom and Nguelea 1 cantons for verification and information regarding community reintegration conditions.

  • A total of 63 children were reunified with their families, including 58 children from the Transit and Orientation Center (CTO) in Bol and five children reunified directly from Melia to their families.

  • 316 men and male adolescents are still being held at Baga Sola high school, with no clarification of their status and a worrying food situation.

  • Three children are still at the CTO in Bol, waiting for family reunification.

Situation Overview

The humanitarian community continues to advocate for the clarification of some elements and thus determine the potential need for direct or indirect humanitarian assistance. Advocacy focuses on:

  • Clarifying the status of the persons still held at Baga Sola high school;

  • Disaggregation (by age) of the persons still held at Baga Sola high school.

In addition, freeing Baga-Sola high school premises, currently used as a site where people having allegedly surrendered are held, and repairing destroyed school facilities, are imperative in order to preserve the educational character of the institution and the distinction between civilian and military mandates.
According to local authorities, the food situation for the people still held at Baga-Sola high school remains worrying and requires advocacy with the government in order to respond to their food needs and avoid humanitarian risks. On 22 December, more than 70 people reportedly left the site in search of food, according to several sources.
The situation remains dynamic as people continue to surrender. 13 people reportedly surrendered on 17 December and two others on 18 December. 42 others are reportedly in Tchoukoutalia, waiting to be transferred to Baga-Sola.
The rise of Lake Chad’s waters in island areas has an impact on movements and limits humanitarian access, making post-family reunification and post-return monitoring missions more complex in these areas.


Chad: Sahel Crisis 2016: Funding Status as of 23 December 2016

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal

Democratic Republic of the Congo: WFP Democratic Republic of Congo Country Brief, November 2016

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Source: World Food Programme
Country: Burundi, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan

Highlights

  • The regional C.A.R. Emergency Operation will be extended by 12 months, until December 2017. A budget revision is being finalized.

  • Due to increasing needs, including the continued influx of South Sudanese refugees and persistent population movements, WFP’s resources are strained. This could seriously hamper WFP’s ability to deliver assistance from January 2017 onwards. The six month shortfall of the PRRO is USD 60.3 million.

  • Electoral-related violence remains an imminent threat which could cause wide-spread displacement and increasing needs across the country, including in the capital Kinshasa.

Operational Updates

  • WFP and CARITAS conducted a targeting exercise of 1,956 IDP and returnee households in the localities of Kibirizi and Kishishe in Rutshuru territory, prior to an emergency response.

  • P4P in North Kivu: WFP distributed kits to women for generating income activities as part of investing more on women’s empowerment.

  • Ethnic clashes between Luba and Pygmy communities in Tanganyika province continue. An estimated 27,000 people were forced to flee their homes after their villages were burned.

  • Due to sustained insecurity in the Nyunzu and Kalemie territories in Tanganyika, a joint WFP-OCHA mission was suspended in mid-November.

  • A total of 21,636 Burundian refugees residing in Lusenda camp in South Kivu received vouchers to the value of USD 15 per month per person to use during WFP organized food fairs.

  • WFP assisted 55,291 in-camp C.A.R. refugees through the EMOP: 17,511 in Boyabu; 14,816 in Mole; 14,190 in Inke; and 8,774 in Bili. Refugees in three camps receive cash-based transfers whereas refugees in Bili camp receive in-kind food assistance.

Challenges

  • As of 02 November, there are over 60,000 South Sudanese refugees in DRC, as well as around 10,000 Congolese returnees settled in the Ituri and Haut Uele provinces. The influx is expected to continue to rise in the coming months. WFP provides food assistance to these refugees, but is in urgent need of additional resources to continue this support.

  • The growing insecurity and continuous threat of kidnappings in places such as the Rutshuru, Walikale and Beni territories in North Kivu, contributes to the narrowing of the humanitarian space and limits access to the most vulnerable. Clashes between armed groups such as the Allied Democratic Forces, the Congolese Armed Forces, as well as ethnic conflict, such as between the Hutu and Kobo people, continue to negatively affect the security and humanitarian situation in North Kivu.

South Sudan: WFP South Sudan Situation Report #157, 23 December 2016

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Source: World Food Programme
Country: South Sudan

In Numbers

1.87 million internally displaced people (OCHA)
1,289,554 South Sudanese refugees (UNHCR)
212,071 seeking shelter with the UN (UNMISS)
3.6 million people in need of food assistance from October—December (WFP estimate)

Highlights

  • WFP provided food and nutrition assistance to 1.6 million people in November
  • As main transport routes open up, WFP is sending two test convoys from Juba to Bentiu and Yida
  • WFP to take over food distributions in Leer county from ICRC

Situation Update

  • Multi-agency assessments including the Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring System (FSNMS), Integrated Food and Nutrition Security Causal Analysis (IFANSCA) are currently ongoing, which will feed into the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) report expected to be released by end of January or early February.

  • Since the July crisis in Juba and proliferation of fighting in other parts of the country, UNHCR has reported that 400,000 South Sudanese have left the country for Uganda—85 percent of these are women and children. This month the number of new arrivals per day peaked at 7,046 on 13 December.

Niger: Les transferts productifs (CASH+) au Niger et au Burkina Faso

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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Country: Burkina Faso, Niger

Une approche innovante pour renforcer les moyens d’existence vulnérables au Sahel
Bonne pratique de résilience
Réduction de la vulnérabilité

Résumé

Dans un contexte sahélien où les chocs climatiques sont récurrents, les ménages les plus pauvres au niveau des communautés rurales expérimentent une érosion de leurs actifs productifs qui se traduit par une situation d’insécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle chronique. Ces ménages ne produisent pas su sament pour couvrir leurs besoins de base et sont, de ce fait, entrainés dans un cercle vicieux d’endettement et de malnutrition. Cette situation déjà critique, est empirée par une plus grande difficulté dans l’accès à l’alimentation qui se produit de façon saisonnière lors de la période de soudure où les stocks sont épuisés et les prix des denrées alimentaires dans les marchés augmentent.
Dans ce contexte, les transferts productifs (combinaisons de transferts monétaires et d’intrants productifs en nature) permettent simultanément de couvrir les besoins de base des ménages très pauvres pendant la période de soudure et de de reconstituer leurs actifs productifs par la distribution d’intrants agricoles et d’élevage de cycle court qui permettent une augmentation rapide de leurs revenus.
Cette combinaison d’interventions a permis en un an d’augmenter de 37 pour cent les revenus moyens des bénéficiaires, diversifier le régime alimentaire de 17 pour cent des ménages et passer de 30 pour cent à 90 pour cent des ménages en sécurité alimentaire.
Le programme a focalisé son appui en faveur des femmes, qui sont en charge de l’alimentation du ménage. Pour cela les femmes ont été les récipiendaires principales des transferts et les actions productives promues étaient celles traditionnellement conduites par les femmes à proximité du foyer au Sahel.

Niger: Strengthening resilience to food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel and West Africa: Good Practices Booklet

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Source: Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Country: Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Uganda, World

Knowledge Share Fair, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Context

In the **Sahel**, around 65 percent of the active population works in the agriculture sector and their livelihoods are therefore affected by **climate change**, markets and environmental factors. More than half of these are women. Recurring crises pose real concerns for the achievement of sustainable food and nutrition security in the region. The root causes of vulnerability to **food insecurity** and **malnutrition** are complex and multidimensional. They are linked to a range of closely related factors, such as poverty, health, hygiene, access to basic social services, dietary behaviour, socio-cultural norms, weak production levels, access to markets and the inadequacy of some public policies, as well as to climate variations and other frequent shocks, which result in large numbers of people being plunged into an almost permanent state of fragility. To address these recurrent crises, analytical tools to assess the situation and identify vulnerable populations have been set in place in the region and refined in recent years (including first and foremost the **Cadre Harmonisé**). In addition, innovative practices have been developed, to support risk reduction, climate change adaptation, the fight against malnutrition and social protection (particularly through approaches based on social safety nets and cash transfers). Among other achievements, the **Knowledge Share Fair** organized by CILSS, IGAD, FAO and their partners in 2013, in **Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso**, offered an opportunity for national and international actors to exchange experiences of these food related practices. This booklet presents eleven good practices that were developed during the Knowledge Share Fair, with the aim of promoting their dissemination and replication at regional and international level.

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