TCHAD

LA GRÈVE PROLONGÉE NUIT À L’ÉDUCATION

Une grève des enseignants qui sévit depuis le mois de septembre en raison du nonpaiement des salaires continue de nuire à l'accès à l'éducation dans tout le pays. Dans la région du Ouaddai à l’est, par exemple, seulement un quart des 365 écoles fonctionnent actuellement. Cependant, 90% d'entre elles sont privés. En conséquence, les parents de certaines localités se sont mobilisés pour recruter des enseignants communautaires, mais la qualité de l'éducation offerte par ces enseignants est préoccupante

UNE RÉPONSE PLUS FORTE NÉCESSAIRE CONTRE L’HÉPATITE E

Une aide améliorée en matière d'hygiène, d'assainissement et d'eau est nécessaire pour aider à endiguer une épidémie d'hépatite E dans la région de Salamat à l’est, où plus de 250 cas ont été signalés depuis septembre.
Huit personnes sont mortes depuis le début de l'épidémie, dont deux femmes enceintes et deux enfants. Sur les 25 échantillons envoyés à un laboratoire de référence à Amsterdam, 20 ont été confirmés positifs. L'hépatite E est une infection virale du foie fréquente dans les régions où l'approvisionnement en eau et l'assainissement sont limités.

MALI

DES FAMILLES FUIENT L’INSÉCURITÉ

Une centaine de Nigériens ont fui vers des villages maliens à la suite d'attaques armées et d'une opération militaire à la mi-novembre dans la ville de Bani-Bangou, au sud-ouest du Niger, près de la frontière avec le Mali.
Quelque 300 familles maliennes ont également fui plus loin à l'intérieur du pays après l'incident. Les partenaires humanitaires de Ménaka, dans l'est du Mali, travaillent à fournir des abris, de la nourriture et des articles ménagers de base. Les civils du nord du Mali et les localités situées à proximité de la frontière continuent de subir des attaques armées récurrentes et une insécurité persistante.

NIGERIA

UN MILLIARD DE DOLLARS REQUIS POUR L’ASSISTANCE HUMANITAIRE

Au Nigeria, des partenaires humanitaires ont demandé plus d'un milliard de dollars pour fournir une assistance en 2017 aux personnes dans le besoin dans les États de l’Adamawa, Borno et Yobe, les plus touchés par la violence liée à Boko Haram. Le plan répondra aux besoins de près de 7 millions de personnes qui ont un besoin urgent en nutrition, en nourriture, en abri, en santé, en éducation, en protection et les besoins en eau et en assainissement d'une population très vulnérable. Il est estimé que 5,1 millions de personnes seront confrontées à de graves pénuries alimentaires car le conflit et le risque de dispositifs non explosés improvisés ont entravé l'agriculture pour une troisième année consécutive, provoquant une crise alimentaire majeure.

METTRE FIN AU MARIAGE PRÉCOCE

Le 29 novembre, le Nigeria a lancé une campagne nationale pour mettre fin au mariage des enfants. Le pays a le plus grand nombre de filles mineures contraintes à un mariage précoce avec au moins 49% des femmes mariées avant d'avoir 18 ans. La campagne vise à promouvoir les droits de protection des enfants et à renforcer les efforts juridiques pour punir les auteurs. Le mariage et l'accouchement précoces peuvent être extrêmement nocifs pour les filles, en particulier les moins de 18 ans qui sont plus susceptibles de souffrir de fistule, de mourir lors de l'accouchement et d'accoucher de bébés mort-nés. Les enfants nés de fillesmères sont plus susceptibles de souffrir de retard de croissance et d’émaciation.

CHAD

PROLONGED STRIKE HURTING EDUCATION

A teachers strike since September due to non-payment of salaries continues to affect access to education throughout the country. In the eastern Ouaddai region, for instance, only around a quarter of the 365 schools are currently functioning. However, 90 per cent of them are private. As a result, parents in some localities have mobilized to recruit community teachers, but there are concerns about the quality of education provided by these teachers.

STRONGER RESPONSE NEEDED FOR HEPATITIS E OUTBREAK

Improved assistance in hygiene, sanitation and water is needed to help stem an outbreak of Hepatitis E in the eastern Salamat region, where more than 250 cases have been reported since September. Eight people have died since the beginning of the outbreak, including two pregnant women and two children. Out of the 25 samples sent to a reference laboratory in Amsterdam, 20 have been confirmed positive. Hepatitis E is a viral infection of the liver common in areas with limited water supply and sanitation.

MALI

Around 100 Nigeriens have fled into Malian villages following armed attacks and a military operation in mid-November in Bani-Bangou town in south-western Niger near the border with Mali. Some 300 Malian families have also fled further inland following the incident. Humanitarian partners in Ménaka in eastern Mali are working to provide shelter, food and basic household items. Civilians in northern Mali and nearby localities across the border continue to suffer recurrent armed attacks and persistent insecurity.

NIGERIA

US$1 BILLION NEEDED FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE

Humanitarian partners in Nigeria have requested for more than US$1 billion to provide assistance in 2017 to people in need in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states mostaffected by the Boko Haram-related violence. The plan will address the needs of almost 7 million people in dire need of nutrition, food, shelter, health, education, protection and the water and sanitation needs of a very vulnerable population. A projected 5.1 million people will face serious food shortages as the conflict and risk of unexploded improvised devices have hampered farming for a third year in a row, causing a major food crisis.

BID TO END RAMPANT CHILD MARRIAGE

Nigeria on 29 November launched a national campaign to end child marriage. The country has the highest number of underage girls forced into early marriage with at least 49 per cent of females married off before reaching 18 years. The drive aims to promote child protection rights and boost legal efforts to punish perpetrators. Early marriage and childbirth can be extremely harmful for girls, especially those under 18 are more likely to suffer from fistula, die in childbirth and to give birth to stillborn babies. Children born to child mothers are more likely to suffer from stunting and wasting.

Weekly picks

IRAQ

Turkmen fleeing Tal Afar are stranded near Peshmerga-held territory as PMUs have blocked roads to Syria, where over 3,000 Iraqis have fled since 17 October. In Mosul 300,000 children and their families have lost access to clean water as a pipeline has been destroyed. IS presence is preventing access to repair the damage.

NIGERIA

Number of people in need of nutrition assistance expected to rise from 2.5 million to 6.7 million in 2017. Over 80% of Borno state is still considered to be high risk or very high risk for international humanitarian actors.

BURUNDI

The number of IDPs in Burundi has risen to 139,000 in December, a revision of long-held estimates of around 110,000. 326,000 have also fled to neighbouring countries.

Country Profiles

We have published a country profile on Sudan.

Updated: 06/12/2016. Next update: 13/12/2016.

SITUATION OVERVIEW

The humanitarian situation remains a concern in Mali around 3 million people in need of assistance. According to the food security review, Cadre Harmonisé, 2.5 million people are food insecure, of which 176,517 are in a severe situation. More than 600,000 children under the age of five are at risk of acute malnutrition. In addition, persistent insecurity continues to restrict access to basic social services and humanitarian assistance in central and northern regions. The resurgence of clashes in July between armed groups in Kidal constitutes a major constraint or humanitarian access. New cases of civilians displacement caused by clashes have been recorded, as of 10 of November; there are approximately 33,000 displaced persons in Mali and 134,800 Malians refugees in neighboring countries.

APERÇU DE LA SITUATION

La situation humanitaire reste importante au Mali avec près de 3 millions de personnes dans le besoin. Selon les résultats du cadre harmonisé 2,5 millions de personnes demeurent en situation d'insécurité alimentaire dont 176 517 dans une situation sévère. Plus de 600 000 enfants de moins de cinq ans sont à risque de malnutrition aigüe. Par ailleurs, l’insécurité persistante continue à limiter l’accès aux services sociaux de base et l'accès humanitaire dans le centre et le nord du pays. La recrudescence des affrontements entre groupes armés dans la région de Kidal depuis le mois de juillet constitue une préoccupation majeure pour l’accès humanitaire. De nouveaux cas de déplacements de populations occasionnés par les affrontements ont été enregistrés. A cette date, il y a environ 33 000 déplacés au Mali et 134 811 réfugiés dans les pays voisins.

Written by Kristin Myers

The world’s youngest nation, besieged by conflict, is in the grips of its worst hunger crisis in years.

ONE THIRD OF THE COUNTRY FACING HUNGER

According to the UN, one third of South Sudan’s people — nearly four million people — are facing food security risk, with some regions more vulnerable than others. The country has been wracked with violence almost since its birth in 2011, and the conflict has had a devastating impact on food production and availability. Millions are now food insecure, meaning they lack the reliable and consistent access to food necessary to sustain them for long stretches of time.

Northern Bahr el Ghazal (NBeG) in northern South Sudan is one of the country’s most vulnerable regions. It has seen a protracted economic crisis and market failure, and many of its residents have depleted (or even completely exhausted) their meager assets just trying to survive. 86% of the population in NBeG was food insecure as of July this year, with nearly half severely so. This is an alarming increase from last year, and the most dire level of hunger since the outbreak of conflict in 2013.

“The situation in the country around food security is extremely serious, especially for young children, who are suffering the most from a lack of daily variety in their food,” says Noel Molony, Concern’s Interim Country Director.

“Current humanitarian interventions prevented a total tragedy,” he continued. “However, we are on the edge of catastrophic conditions for the citizens of South Sudan, with agricultural production and the recent harvest seriously affected by fighting and climate change, devaluation of the South Sudanese pound so people can no longer afford basic food items, markets with limited supplies, and an escalating civil war in numerous locations all over the country. On top of all this, the country is also struggling with a serious outbreak of malaria.”

VIOLENCE DISRUPTING FOOD SUPPLIES

For Anur Bol, any day that she can eat more than once is a good day. Married to a 70-year-old man who is not able to help care for the family, the 30-year-old mother of seven is the backbone of her household of 12. Her home is one of thousands in northern South Sudan that has been increasingly visited by hunger.

“I leave home early in the morning and spend long hours in the bush in search of firewood and charcoal,” Bol says. “When I work hard on a given day, my household is able to have two meals a day, one mid-morning and another late in the evening.”

Food insecurity here has been driven by a number of factors, and chief among those is conflict. Renewed violence over the summer has internally displaced 36,000 according to UN estimates, preventing farmers in crop production areas from harvesting. Many lost their livelihoods, as well as savings and food stores, when they fled the recent fighting that killed more than 300. As Concern and its partners showed in the 2015 Global Hunger Index, there is a clear link between conflict and hunger, as fighting interrupts trade, contributes to inflation, and makes it difficult and dangerous for farmers to till and seed.

Every year, South Sudan faces a “lean season” — a period of cold weather and flooding or severe dry spells during which there are few crops to harvest — and farmers frequently rely on wild foods in the forest and food aid to survive. Poor harvests this year have extended the lean season, leading to an increased demand for a dwindling supply of food. This situation, coupled with the devaluation of the South Sudanese Pound, has led to soaring prices for basic food items like oil, salt, sugar, maize, and sorghum.

The serious decline in the value of the South Sudanese pound has only increased hardship for the country’s poorest, who do not have the assets to cope with the rising prices of food and medicine (such as antimalarials) and must now devote larger and larger portions of their income to covering basic needs.

Many families are no longer able to afford protein or maintain a varied diet, and because almost all resources are devoted to buying food, there’s no money left for hygiene products like soap, or medicine. Many people — particularly children — are now suffering from diarrhea and other stomach illnesses.

“I can only afford to buy less than half a pound of groundnut paste, a small portion of okra, and less than half a pound of fish powder to eat with the sorghum and wild vegetables,” explains Anur. “Market prices have become unfriendly; in 2014, we were spending 80 South Sudanese Pounds [currently 15 cents USD] for a malwa [7.5 pounds] of sorghum, but this year between June and October, a malwa of sorghum was going for 300 South Sudanese Pounds.”

For Anur, whose family is extremely deprived, this means that her youngest child, one-year-old Rezeek, has become malnourished and required three visits over the last eight months to a stabilization center, where the most severe cases are treated. The extent of malnutrition is taking a huge toll on the health of mothers and children in this area of South Sudan, but Concern is working hard to reach children before their condition becomes as severe as Rezeek’s. In just the two counties of Aweil North and Aweil West, Concern Worldwide has recently treated over 8,000 children under the age of five with severe acute malnutrition.

WHAT CONCERN IS DOING ABOUT IT

Concern Worldwide has noted a 75% increase in children in Northern Bahr el Ghazal with severe acute malnutrition this year, and, after conducting extensive screenings in the cities of Aweil West and Aweil North, estimated that around 30% of the population is malnourished. To help provide treatment for malnutrition, Concern is supporting three stabilization centers, and 42 outpatient therapeutic programs where people can receive nutrient and protein rich foods such as Plumpy’Nut. We have also provided children with antimalarial tablets to help control the malaria outbreak.

To ensure that children across the community are receiving all the nutrients they need, Concern has also reached nearly 20,000 kids through a supplementary feeding program, which provides all families in the community with nutritious and diverse foods to add to their existing diet. Concern has also conducted trainings on Community Management of Acute Malnutrition, in collaboration with partner organizations. In coordination with the World Food Program, Concern has begun a series of food distributions, targeting close to 40,000 households.

Sécurité

La situation sécuritaire dans la région de l’Extrême-Nord a été marquée, dans la nuit du 1er au 02 Décembre, par une attaque des combattants de Boko Haram repoussée par la Force Mixte Multinationale(FMM) dans le village Ardori dans le Département du Mayo Sava. Les forces de défense camerounaises et la Force Mixte Multinationale(FMM) continuent de mener des opérations coordonnées et un grand déploiement des forces de l’ordre est observé en vue de sécuriser la région en cette période de fêtes de fin d’année.

Dans la région de l’Est, un berger, chef de la communauté Bororo, a été enlevé le 1er Décembre à Tikolo non loin de Ketté par trois individus armés non identifiés qui exigeraient le paiement d’une rançon pour sa libération. De même, 4 autres personnes ont été prises en otage par un groupe armé le 25 novembre dans la localité de Damba, près de Tocktoyo. Celles-ci ont pu être libérées grâce à l’intervention des forces de défense.

Développements majeurs

Dans le cadre de l’appui financier octroyé par le Gouvernement américain au HCR pour l’amélioration de l’accès à l’éducation des enfants réfugiés, une cérémonie de remise de manuels scolaires a eu lieu le 29 novembre à Yaoundé au bénéfice des enfants réfugiés urbains fréquentant les établissements secondaires des villes de Yaoundé et Douala. Le montant de 90 mille dollars (54 millions 300 mille FCFA) ainsi alloué représente les manuels scolaires remis aux élèves réfugiés ce jour, ainsi que les frais pour leur scolarité et frais d’inscription aux examens officiels. Ce montant a été déduit de l’enveloppe globale d’un peu plus de 3 millions de dollars offerte par le Gouvernement américain pour soutenir les efforts du HCR en matière d’éducation des réfugiés centrafricains et nigérians vivant au Cameroun.

Le Gouvernement nigérian, par le biais de l'Agence nationale de gestion des situations d'urgence (Nema), a effectué le 03 Décembre, et pour la troisième fois au courant de l’année en cours, un don important aux réfugiés du camp de Minawao. Il s’agit d’environ 337 tonnes de denrées alimentaires (riz, huile, sucre, farine, tomate, etc.) et 110 tonnes de denrées non consommables (matelas, tissu, couverture, moustiquaire, matériel scolaire, etc.). Ce don vient renforcer les efforts de la communauté humanitaire en vue d’assurer la sécurité alimentaire dans le camp, d’autant plus que le manque de ressources financières a conduit à la baisse de la ration alimentaire distribuée aux réfugiés.

La journée internationale des personnes handicapées a été célébrée le 03 Décembre dans le camp de Minawao autour du thème « Atteindre les 17 Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD) pour un avenir que nous voulons ». Ce fut l’occasion de célébrer ces personnes vulnérables et de les intégrer dans la réalisation des ODD. Un total de 150 personnes handicapées ont reçu ce jour des kits composés de couvertures, nattes et vêtements.
Les réfugiés handicapés centrafricains ont également reçus des kits à l’occasion de leur journée célébrée à Bertoua et à Borgop.

Un atelier de renforcement des capacités sur les SGBV (violences sexuelles et basées sur le genre) s’est tenu à Douala du 29 au 30 Novembre. Un total de 30 participants parmi lesquels le HCR, PLAN, les ministères des affaires sociales, de la promotion de la femme et de la famille, de la justice et de la santé a été édifié sur comment gérer tout type de VBG, comment effectuer le suivi des cas, comment communiquer avec une victime et les différentes parties impliquées et en charge, etc. Les procédures standardisées d’opération en la matière ont à l’occasion été révisées.

Program Overview

The Climate Change and African Political Stability Program is a multi-year research program based at the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law at the University of Texas at Austin, partnered with the College of William and Mary, Trinity College Dublin, and University of North Texas. CCAPS analyzes how climate change, conflict, governance, and aid intersect to impact African and international security.

Through quantitative analysis, GIS mapping, case studies, and field interviews, the CCAPS program seeks to identify where and how climate change could undermine state stability, to define strategies for building African state capacity, and to assess international development aid responses.

CCAPS is funded by the U.S. Department of Defense’s Minerva Initiative, a university-based, social science research program focused on areas of strategic importance to national security policy. The CCAPS program works in three main areas:

Climate Change and Conflict

CCAPS examines where and how climate change poses threats to stability in Africa. This research examines the spatial and temporal relationship between climate change vulnerability and patterns of conflict, thereby specifying where, when, and how climate-related events could disrupt Africa's security and development. Research focuses on:

• Climate Vulnerability: Examines the environmental, population, socio-economic, and governance drivers of climate security vulnerability in Africa.

• Future Climate Change: New regional climate model for Africa generates mid-century climate projections to produce more near-term data for policy-relevant variables such as changes in growing season, precipitation, and heat index.

• Social Conflict Analysis Database: New database analyzes various forms of social and political unrest in Africa and Latin America.

• Armed Conflict Location and Event Data: Provides real-time tracking of the actions of opposition groups, governments, and militias continent-wide.

Governance

Climate change can contribute significantly to social stress, which, in the absence of effective governance, can lead to conflict within and between affected populations. CCAPS examines the role of government institutions in mitigating or aggravating the effects of climate change on political stability in Africa. Research focuses on:

• Constitutional Design: Explores how political institutions could buffer against conflict and other impacts of climate shocks.

• Democratic Governance: Assesses the effectiveness of democracy promotion in Africa as a way of building resilient societies and responsive governments.

• National Disaster Response: Examines the capacity of countries to respond to natural disasters, particularly those that may increase due to climate change.

• Urban Resilience: Assesses the capacity of metropolitan governance systems for disaster preparedness and response in urban areas.

International Aid

If effectively coordinated and implemented, aid for climate change adaptation should contribute to crisis prevention and adaptation and reduce the need for global assistance. Research focuses on:

• Climate Change, Aid, and Development: New geocoded, climate-coded dataset tracks adaptation aid, analyzes aid distribution, and assesses the effectiveness of adaptation projects in targeting climate security risks.

Aperçu

La situation sécuritaire reste volatile sur les régions nord et centre du pays. La criminalité et le terrorisme constituent des menaces réelles contre les populations. A noter aussi la persistance des braquages ciblant aussi bien les humanitaires que les convois commerciaux. Au 30 septembre, le Plan de Réponse Humanitaire (HRP Mali) n’était financé qu’à 29%.

• Les mouvements de populations: Le contexte de déplacement au Mali reste complexe et fluide. Des mouvements de personnes déplacées résidant actuellement dans les régions du sud vers les régions du nord continuent d'être signalés. Alors que certains ont indiqué être retournés définitivement, d'autres déplacés expliquent faire des allers-retours entre le lieu de déplacement et le lieu d'origine. A la date du 30 Septembre 2016, les partenaires de la CMP ont comptabilisé 56 729 rapatriés, ce qui correspond à une augmentation de 4 701 personnes par rapport aux données d’août 2016 (52.028 Rapatriés). En parallèle, 36 690 personnes déplacées internes ont été enregistrées ce mois-ci, soit une augmentation de 3648 individus suite aux récents affrontements dans la région de Kidal. En outre, 474 231 personnes retournées ont été enregistrés par les équipes de la DNDS et 134.817 réfugiés maliens dans les pays limitrophes par l’UNHCR.

• Sécurité alimentaire et nutrition: Au niveau national, l’insécurité alimentaire touche 16% de la population malienne soit près de 3, 030 000 personnes (dont 423 500 en situation d’insécurité alimentaire sévère et 2 605 885 en situation d’insécurité alimentaire modérée). Les taux de malnutrition aigüe globale (MAG) et de malnutrition aigüe sévère (MAS) sont de 11,5% et 2,3% contre des seuils d’alerte respectifs de 10 et 2% fixés par l’OMS.

• Santé: La question sanitaire demeure importante d’autant plus qu’une épidémie de fièvre hémorragique s’est fait jour à la frontière du Mali et du Niger. La maladie touche les animaux, mais peut également contaminer l'homme.

• Une quarantaine de personnes, au Niger, ont déjà contracté la maladie depuis le début de l'épidémie en août. Les autorités sanitaires maliennes sont en alerte. Éducation: Un nombre élevé d'écoles vas probablement rester fermées dans les régions du Nord et à Mopti au début de la nouvelle année scolaire (2016-2017), principalement en raison de la persistance de l'insécurité, l'absence d'enseignants qualifiés et le manque de cantines scolaires. Le nombre d'enfants affectés reste à évaluer.
  A la fin de la dernière année scolaire (Juin 2016), 139 écoles sur 296 - 47% - ont été fermées dans les régions du Nord et à Mopti.

Highlights

• The Emergency Telecommunications Sector (ETS) was officially activated in North-East Nigeria on 23 October.

• Initial funding has been received from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) which the ETS has used to purchase security telecommunications and Internet connectivity equipment.

• Regular Local and Global ETS Nigeria meetings are being held to identify gaps, challenges and activities, and to ensure a coordinated response.

Situation Overview

The conflict in North-East Nigeria, provoked by Boko Haram, has resulted in widespread violence, displacement of people and an escalating humanitarian crisis.

Since the start of the conflict in 2009, it is estimated that more than 20,000 people have been killed and around 2.1 million people have been forced to flee their homes, some to the neighbouring countries of Niger, Cameroon and Chad.

The ETS will concentrate its efforts in the states of Borno, Yobe and Adamawa to support the wider humanitarian response with the provision of lifesaving communications services. In these states, around 15 million people are directly affected and in desperate need of humanitarian assistance.

Situation Overview

While an increasing amount of territory has become accessible, suicide bombings and attacks against civilians persisted during the reporting period. Violence in the northeast has caused massive displacement and at the same time restricted movement, disrupting food supplies, hindering access to basic services, and limiting agricultural activities. People affected by violence in Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe, and neighbouring Bauchi, Taraba, and Gombe States are in urgent need of life-saving humanitarian assistance.

In newly accessible areas, IDPs and vulnerable host populations are in critical need of assistance including food, water, sanitation, protection, education, shelter, and health services (Source: OCHA, 29 November 2016).

Highlights

• In collaboration with National Emergency Management Agency and State Emergency Management Agencies, IOM continued biometric registration of conflict-affected populations, registering over 31,600 individuals in Borno and Adamawa States between 16 and 30 November.

• During the reporting period, IOM distributed non-food item kits and kitchen sets to over 20,500 individuals, and completed the construction of 1,000 shelters benefitting 6,000 individuals.

• IOM facilitated a training session on Psychological First Aid in coordination with the Ministry of Health, targeting 40 health care workers from newly accessible areas in Borno State.

Highlights

• WFP is extending the regional EMOP 200777 until December 2017, increasing the number of targeted people in Nigeria in 2017 to 1.8 million. Assistance will be delivered through cash-based transfers and in-kind food assistance.

• The first Rapid Response Team was deployed on 23 and 24 November to Magumeri Local Government Area (LGA) where 6,000 people received food rations and 400 children aged 6-59 months received supplementary nutritious food. A second team was deployed to Ngala LGA on 28 November, reaching 40,000 people with food rations.

Operational Updates

• In November, WFP scaled up its operations in north-east Nigeria. WFP delivered in-kind food assistance to 400,000 people across Borno and Yobe States; this number includes 46,000 people reached thanks to Rapid Response Teams in newly accessible areas. WFP has expanded its geographical coverage, reaching for the first time LGAs such as Mafa and Kaga in Borno State and Geidam, Gulani and Gujba in Yobe State.

• WFP also reached 135,000 children aged 6-59 months with nutritious foods to prevent malnutrition. The number includes over 80,000 children in areas where in-kind food distributions are not implemented by WFP, including locations in Jere and Maiduguri LGAs, Monguno LGA in Borno State, and Bade, Nguru and Bursari LGAs in Yobe State.

• Moreover, WFP reached 110,000 people through CBT across Borno and Yobe States. This number includes 5,700 families enrolled in the Integrated Nutrition Project implemented jointly with ACF and UNICEF. Under this programme, families with children suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) receive a monthly transfer to maximize the impact of the nutrition specific interventions and reduce the occurrence of SAM relapse. Children are referred to health facilities for treatment.

• WFP and UNICEF held a regional meeting in Dakar to agree on a joint strategy for the Lake Chad Basin, aiming to deliver a holistic package of essential health and nutrition services integrating the prevention and treatment of acute malnutrition, and of interventions addressing the underlying causes of malnutrition. The joint response plan will address identified bottlenecks and gaps of the current food and nutrition response, ensuring the provision of life saving assistance at scale and improving the coordination mechanism at global, national and operational levels.

Following an initial assessment in September and a worsening humanitarian situation the Emergency Telecommunications (ET) Sector was officially activated in North-Eastern Nigeria on 23 November.

​In Nigeria, all clusters are being referred to as sectors. The ETC is therefore operating as the ET Sector with all project plans, appeals, services and deployments adhering to established procedures.

The conflict in the north-east of the country, which started in 2009, has resulted in widespread displacement and a growing humanitarian crisis. Borno, Yobe and Adamawa have been identified as the hardest-hit states and where ET Sector will focus its activities up until the end of 2017. The plan is to provide security telecommunications and Internet connectivity services in 11x humanitarian hubs that will be established across the north-east. The first is due to be opened in Gwoza in early December by which time the first shipment of ET Sector equipment will be in Abuja, packed onto a truck and moved to be deployed to remote sites.

As global lead of the ETC, WFP is coordinating the ET Sector in Nigeria, responding with government, private sector and humanitarian organisations to ensure a coordinated response. Pastor Lovo, from WFP’s Fast IT and Telecommunications Emergency and Support Team (FITTEST) is on the ground in Abuja as ET Sector Coordinator in the country.

In such a complex emergency with very severe security risks, the need for reliable radio services is crucial for staff going out to the deep field. Outside Maiduguri, capital of Borno State, there is no mobile coverage as the communications towers have been severely damaged by the ongoing conflict.

ET Sector Nigeria is appealing for US$7.2 million until the end of 2017, to provide shared communications services across the north-east of the country. The ET Sector is grateful for a contribution of US$1.13million from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA).

Organisations responding to humanitarian IT needs are invited to attend the Nigeria Telecommunications Working Group and share information with the ET Sector to support a coordinated emergency operation - Nigeria.ETS@wfp.org

Immense challenges face 150 million people across the Sahel. These include violent extremism, climate change and abject poverty, and a fourth – the demographic explosion that will see the region’s population double in the next twenty years – exacerbates the situation still further. Concerted action in terms of peace and security, trade, development, human rights and humanitarian action are required to help the region’s communities and their governments avert greater insecurity, poverty and migration, and instead reach a more stable and prosperous future. This paper focusses on one of these key aspects, humanitarian action.

Across the Sahel more than 30 million people struggle with food insecurity; one in five children under the age of five suffers from acute malnutrition; 4.9 million people have fled from their homes. Thanks to donor support and engagement the assistance provided by aid agencies has saved lives and helped reduce need within the most vulnerable communities. Yet challenges still lie ahead.

Between 2014 and 2016, humanitarian action in the Sahel was guided by a regional Humanitarian Response Plan which aimed to address acute need and its drivers. For 2017 the regional approach has been divided along two lines, with an emphasis on shifting from delivering aid to ending need wherever possible.

In countries that are not affected by active conflict, the absence of violence coincided with two relatively good rainy seasons. This has allowed communities to recover from previous shocks and become more resilient. Burkina Faso, Mauritania and Senegal have therefore aligned the 2017 humanitarian response with resilience and development frameworks. In The Gambia, humanitarian action has been fully integrated into the UN’s development assistance framework.

On the other hand, ongoing instability and violence in Cameroon, Chad, Mali, Niger and Nigeria exacerbate existing vulnerabilities and continue to displace people. In these countries, Humanitarian Response Plans (HRPs) will continue to be the framework for humanitarian action.

In Mali, where a fragile political agreement is in place, the humanitarian situation is stable but remains extremely preoccupying. Some 3.7 million people in Mali, and 135,000 who have sought refuge in Burkina Faso, Mauritania and Niger, still need humanitarian assistance.

In the Lake Chad Basin Boko Haram attacks continue and the scale of suffering is extremely high. Around 11 million people will require emergency relief in 2017. Seven million people – one in three families –and almost half a million children are acutely malnourished and require food.

For 2017 the humanitarian community will require US$ 2.66 billion to help 15 million people, across 8 countries. This paper outlines the situation, need and financial requirements and I look forward to working with the donor community to ensure that aid agencies can provide the best available assistance to the people who need it most, on time.

Toby Lanzer

AVANT-PROPOS

La région du Sahel et ses 150 millions d’habitants sont, aujourd’hui encore, confrontés à des défis immenses. Ceux-ci sont notamment l’extrémisme violent, les changements climatiques, et l’extrême pauvreté. Un quatrième, l’explosion démographique qui verra la population de la région doubler dans les vingt prochaines années, exacerbe encore plus la situation. Des actions concertées en matière de paix et de sécurité, de commerce, de développement, de droits de l’homme et d’action humanitaire sont nécessaires pour aider les communautés de la région et leurs gouvernements à prévenir une plus grande insécurité, pauvreté et migration et à atteindre un avenir plus stable et prospère. Le présent document se concentre sur l’un de ces aspects clés, l’action humanitaire.

Dans toute la région du Sahel, plus de 30 millions de personnes souffrent d’insécurité alimentaire; un enfant sur cinq âgé de moins de cinq ans souffre de malnutrition aiguë; 4,9 millions de personnes ont fui leurs foyers.

Grâce au soutien et à l’engagement des bailleurs de fonds, l’aide fournie par les acteurs humanitaires a permis de sauver des vies et de réduire les besoins dans les communautés les plus vulnérables. Mais il reste des défis à relever.

Entre 2014 et 2016, l’action humanitaire dans le Sahel a été guidée par un plan régional d’action humanitaire visant à répondre aux besoins aigus et à leurs causes profondes. En 2017, l’approche régionale se répartit selon deux axes, en mettant particulièrement l’accent, dans la mesure du possible, sur le fait que « fournir une aide ne suffit plus, et qu’il faut mettre fin au dénuement ».
Dans les pays où les conflits ne font pas rage, l’absence de violence a coïncidé avec deux saisons de pluies relativement abondantes.

Cela a permis aux communautés de ces pays de se remettre des chocs précédents et de devenir plus résiliantes. Le Burkina Faso, la Mauritanie et le Sénégal ont donc aligné la réponse humanitaire de 2017 avec les cadres de résilience et de développement existants. En Gambie, l’action humanitaire a été pleinement intégrée au plan cadre des Nations Unies pour le développement.

D’autre part, l’instabilité et la violence persistantes au Cameroun, au Mali, au Niger, au Nigeria et au Tchad, accroissent les vulnérabilités existantes et continuent de déplacer les populations. Dans ces pays, les Plans de réponse humanitaire (HRP) continueront à servir de cadre à l’action humanitaire.
Au Mali, où un accord politique fragile est en place, la situation humanitaire est stable mais reste extrêmement préoccupante. Environ 3,7 millions de personnes au Mali, et 135 000 d’autres s’étant réfugié au Burkina Faso, en Mauritanie et au Niger, ont encore besoin d’aide humanitaire.

Dans le bassin du lac Tchad, les attaques de Boko Haram continuent et l’ampleur de la souffrance est énorme. Environ 11 millions de personnes auront besoin de secours d’urgence en 2017. Sept millions de personnes, une famille sur trois, et près d’un demi-million d’enfants, souffrent de malnutrition aiguë et ont besoin de nourriture.

Pour 2017, la communauté humanitaire aura besoin de 2,66 milliards de dollars pour aider 15 millions de personnes dans 8 pays. Le présent document décrit la situation, les besoins humanitaires et les besoins financiers ; et je suis impatient de travailler avec la communauté des bailleurs de fonds pour faire en sorte que les organismes d’aide puissent offrir la meilleure assistance possible aux personnes qui en ont le plus besoin.

Toby Lanzer

(Dakar, 7 December 2016): The United Nations and non-governmental partner organizations launched today in Dakar a US$ 2.66 billion appeal for aid to provide lifesaving assistance to 15 million people across eight countries in the Sahel region.

"The Sahel faces considerable challenges and will remain the site of one of the world's major humanitarian operations in 2017," said UN Assistant-Secretary General and Regional Humanitarian Coordinator, M. Toby Lanzer. "Millions of people still live in conditions of deplorable human suffering. Their lives and livelihoods will be at stake unless the humanitarian community, governments and donors renew their engagement to assist and protect those in urgent need and help these communities become less vulnerable to shocks."

One in five families in the Sahel continues to be extremely vulnerable and 4.9 million people have fled from their homes. In 2017, more than 30 million people will face food insecurity, of which 12 million will urgently need aid. Malnutrition continues to reach critical levels in the region, particularly in Chad and north-east Nigeria, where the prevalence of global acute malnutrition is as high as 30 per cent, which is double the emergency threshold.

"In the Lake Chad Basin, where the crisis is most acute, 11 million people require emergency assistance and financial needs have almost tripled since last year. Half a million severely malnourished children need our immediate help to survive. In Mali, the humanitarian situation is stable but remains extremely worrying due to insecurity, "said Mr. Toby Lanzer.

"In Burkina Faso, Mauritania and Senegal, the absence of violence coincided with two relatively good rainy seasons. This has allowed communities, with the help of humanitarian actors, to recover from previous shocks and become more resilient," said the Regional Humanitarian Coordinator.

"And we must, more than ever, shift ‘from providing aid to ending needs’ because extreme vulnerability in the Sahel is the most visible symptom of the triple crisis of governance, insecurity and climate change that affects this region. The demographic explosion, which will see the region’s population double in the next twenty years, exacerbates the situation still further, " said Toby Lanzer. "UN agencies and their partners are committed to doing everything they can to respond quickly and effectively to the urgent needs of affected individuals, families and communities. And we continue to strengthen our collaboration with governments, development and stabilization actors, without whom humanitarian assistance will continue to be needed indefinitely and at an ever greater cost."

Note to the editor
The funds required for this appeal are based on the country Humanitarian Response Plans in Cameroon, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Chad, as well as humanitarian work plans in Burkina Faso, Mauritania and Senegal.
The appeal involves more than 100 partner organisations working together to save lives and protect the assets of most vulnerable communities. It is part of a strategy which complements lifesaving relief operations with early response and closer partnerships with governments and development organisations.
This appeal was presented at a round table on the prospects for humanitarian aid in the Sahel, with contributions from the following experts and representatives: Dr Arame Tall, Regional Representative of the Global Framework for Climate Services for Africa (GFCS), Anne Moltes, Regional Director of Interpeace, Mabingue Ngom, Regional Director of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and Mario Samaja, United Nations Resident Coordinator for Mauritania.
An online version of the 2017 Humanitarian Response Plans and humanitarian work plans for the Sahel is available at http://www.unocha.org/sahel

For further information please contact:

Eve Sabbagh, Office of the Regional Humanitarian Coordinator, +221 77 569 96 54, sabbaghe@un.org
Ivo Brandau, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA),+ 221 77 450 62 32, brandaui@un.org
OCHA press releases are available on www.unocha.org/rowca and www.reliefweb.int

The mission of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) is to mobilize and coordinate effective and principled humanitarian action in partnership with national and international actors

(Dakar, le 7 décembre 2016): Les Nations Unies et les organisations non-gouvernementales partenaires ont lancé aujourd’hui, à Dakar, un appel de fonds d’un total de 2,66 milliards de dollars US afin d’apporter une aide d’urgence à 15 millions de personnes dans le besoin à travers huit pays de la région du Sahel.

« Le Sahel fait face à des défis considérables, et la région restera l’un des principaux théâtres des opérations humanitaires dans le monde en 2017, » a déclaré le Sous-Secrétaire général des Nations Unies et Coordonnateur humanitaire régional, M. Toby Lanzer. « Trente millions de personnes vivent encore dans des conditions de souffrance humaine déplorables. La vie ou les moyens de subsistance de plus de 15 millions d’entre eux risquent d’être en danger si les acteurs humanitaires, les gouvernements et les bailleurs de fonds ne renouvellent pas leurs engagements d’apporter une aide d’urgence et d’aider ces communautés à devenir moins vulnérables aux chocs. »

Une famille sur cinq dans le Sahel est encore extrêmement vulnérable et 4,9 millions de personnes ont dû fuir loin de leurs foyers. En 2017, plus de 30 millions de personnes feront face à l’insécurité alimentaire, dont 12 millions auront urgemment besoin d’aide. Touchant un enfant sur cinq, la malnutrition continue d’atteindre des niveaux critiques dans la région, en particulier au Tchad et nord-est du Nigeria où le taux de prévalence de la malnutrition aiguë globale atteint les 30 pour cent, ce qui représente le double du seuil d’urgence.

« Dans les pays du Bassin du Lac Tchad, où la crise est parmi les plus aiguës, 11 millions de personnes requièrent une assistance d’urgence et les besoins financiers ont presque triplé depuis l’année passée. Un demi-million d’enfants sévèrement malnutris ont besoin de notre aide immédiate pour survivre. Au Mali, la situation humanitaire est stable mais reste extrêmement préoccupante dû à l’insécurité, » a annoncé M. Toby Lanzer.

« Par contre, là où une certaine stabilité politique a coïncidé avec deux saisons de pluies relativement abondantes, notamment au Burkina Faso, en Mauritanie et au Sénégal, nous pouvons voir que, avec l’aide des acteurs humanitaires, les communautés ont pu se remettre des chocs précédents et devenir plus résilientes, » a expliqué le Coordonnateur humanitaire régional.

« Et nous devons, plus que jamais, ‘travailler autrement pour mettre fin aux besoins’ car l’extrême vulnérabilité dans le Sahel est le symptôme le plus visible de la triple crise de gouvernance, d’insécurité et de changement climatique qui affecte cette région. Ces facteurs sont combinés aux défis de l'explosion démographique, qui verra la population du Sahel doubler d’ici les 20 prochaines années » a exprimé M. Toby Lanzer. « Les agences onusiennes et leurs partenaires sont déterminés à faire tout ce qu'ils peuvent pour répondre de manière rapide et efficace aux besoins urgents des personnes, familles et communautés touchées. Et nous continuons à renforcer notre collaboration avec les gouvernements, et les acteurs du développement et de stabilisation, sans lesquels l’aide humanitaire continuera d’être nécessaire indéfiniment et pour un coût toujours plus élevé. »

Note aux rédactions

Les fonds requis de cet appel sont fondés sur les plans de réponse humanitaires pays au Cameroun, au Mali, au Niger, au Nigeria, et au Tchad, ainsi que les plans de travail humanitaires au Burkina Faso, en Mauritanie, et au Sénégal.

L’appel intègre les actions de plus d'une centaine d’organisations partenaires dédiées à sauver des vies et protéger les communautés les plus vulnérables. Il s’inscrit dans une stratégie qui – en plus des secours vitaux- insiste sur les interventions précoces et le renforcement des partenariats avec les gouvernements et les organisations de développement.

L’appel de fonds a été présenté lors d’une table ronde sur les perspectives de l’aide humanitaire dans le Sahel où sont intervenus le Dr Arame Tall, Représentante régionale du Cadre Mondial pour les Services Climatiques pour l'Afrique (CMSC), Anne Moltes, Directrice régionale de Interpeace, Mabingue Ngom, Directeur régional du Fonds des Nations Unies pour la Population (FNUAP), et Mario Samaja, Coordonnateur Résident du Système des Nations Unies pour la Mauritanie.
Une version en ligne des Plans de Réponse Humanitaire pour le Sahel 2017 est disponible à http://www.unocha.org/sahel

Pour plus d’information et demandes d‘entretiens, veuillez contacter:
Eve Sabbagh, Bureau du Coordonnateur Humanitaire Régional,+221 77 569 96 54, sabbaghe@un.org
Ivo Brandau, Bureau de la Coordination des Affaires Humanitaires (OCHA),+ 221 77 450 62 32, brandaui@un.org
Les communiqués de presse et produits d‘OCHA sont disponibles sur www.unocha.org/rowca et www.reliefweb.int

Key Figures

414,552 South Sudanese arrivals since 8 July 2016, based on field reports (as of 13 Nov)

1,309,275 Total South Sudanese refugees as of 13 Nov (both pre and post Dec 2013 caseload and new arrivals)

260,453 Refugees in South Sudan

1.8 M Internally Displaced People (IDPs) in South Sudan, including 204,370 people in UNMISS Protection of Civilians site

FUNDING (as of 17 November)

USD 649.0 M Requested by UNHCR for the situation

Funded 26% Gap 75%

HIGHLIGHTS

• Close to 50,000 South Sudanese have fled to neighbouring countries in the first half of November. Uganda has now received over 300,000 new arrivals since July 2016 when new violence broke out in Juba. There are also reports of high numbers of new arrivals into the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with UNHCR and local authorities seeking to verify reports from hard-to-reach areas.

• Child protection remains a key priority in all countries of asylum. Family tracing and reunification efforts are underway in Uganda and Ethiopia, where high numbers of unaccompanied and separated children have been identified among the new arrivals.

UPDATE ON THE SITUATION

SOUTH SUDAN

Latest developments

• On Saturday 5 November 2016, two Sudanese refugees were killed and five others seriously wounded in Lasu Payam. According to the survivors, who are receiving medical treatment at the Yei Civil Hospital, an armed group abducted some 39 Sudanese refugees from Lasu camp on 19 October and took them 18 kilometers east to their base. The armed group continues to hold captive the remaining abducted refugees. UNHCR and partners have not been able to access or deliver services to Lasu camp over the past month due to insecurity en route from Yei to Lasu. The majority of refugees (mostly Congolese with some Sudanese) have reportedly fled the camp seeking safety in the bush and farmlands, or crossed the border to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
  

Achievements and Impact

• UNHCR and partner commenced distribution of relief items to 5,000 families of the most vulnerable IDPs in Yei: Relief items include blankets, sleeping mats, jerry cans, soap, buckets, mosquito nets and kitchen sets, including sanitary pads and underwear for women and girls of reproductive age. UNHCR also donated assorted surgical equipment to the Yei Civil Hospital.

• UNHCR distributes non-food items to IDPs in Upper Nile: In Gismalla, a boma located 7 kilometres from Doro refugee camp, UNHCR and its partners Samaritan’s Purse and Humanitarian Development Consortium distributed non-food items (NFIs) to 2,441 IDPs who were displaced following clashes between armed men and host community members at Shatta Boma, 20 kilometres from Bunj, in mid-October.

• UNHCR continues relocating refugees, with a total of 198 refugees previously based in Lasu settlement relocated to Ajuong Thok camp in northern Unity, and a total of 1,778 refugees relocated from Yida to Pamir camp in Unity.

• In Ajuong Thok camp, UNHCR and partner International Rescue Committee (IRC) conducted 50 SGBV advocacy sessions with refugees. A total of 494 sessions have been held since the beginning of 2016.