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Mali: Un appui à l’agriculture et l’élevage pour répondre à l’urgence alimentaire à Ménaka

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Source: Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development
Country: Mali

Depuis le début du conflit en 2012, le Mali fait face à une crise humanitaire de grande ampleur. Les conflits qui sévissent dans les régions du nord du pays et les affrontements entre groupes rebelles ont accentué les besoins déjà importants des populations, notamment des plus vulnérables. Selon l’évaluation humanitaire menée par OCHA en 2016, 2,5 millions de personnes ont toujours besoin d’une assistance humanitaire au Mali. La situation est complexe et les difficultés d’accès à l’eau et à la nourriture, les risques d’insécurité alimentaire, la perte des moyens de subsistance, l’accès à la santé et l’éducation sont encore un combat quotidien pour de nombreux ménages de la région. La région de Ménaka, parmi les régions les plus vulnérables, a été fortement affectée. L’inflation des prix des denrées alimentaires due à la crise a eu un impact drastique sur les revenus des ménages et leurs ressources. Par conséquent, l’accès à la nourriture et aux moyens de subsistance pose de sérieuses difficultés et la capacité de nombreuses familles à subvenir à leurs besoins alimentaires primaires est devenu un défi auquel elles sont confrontées au quotidien.

Soutenir la reconstitution durable des cheptels

Depuis août 2015, ACTED, avec le soutien d’OFDA, apporte un soutien à plus de 13 000 ménages vulnérables (soit 78 000 personnes) touchés par l’insécurité alimentaire en appuyant les activités agricoles et l’élevage, dans le cadre d’un projet d’appui aux activités d’agriculture et d’élevage en faveur des ménages les plus vulnérables de Ménaka affectés par les conflits et l’impact du changement climatique. 2500 ménages (soit 15 000 personnes) ont été sélectionnés pour recevoir deux chèvres et de la nourriture pour bétail afin de reconstituer leur cheptel. Puis, les services vétérinaires ont été appuyés afin de mener une campagne de déparasitage de masse sur 50 000 bêtes et ainsi sensibiliser les populations sur l’importance de la vaccination et du déparasitage. Par ailleurs, 450 maraîchers ont bénéficié d’intrants et sont formés aux techniques de maraîchage, et plus de 700 agriculteurs ont reçu un appui et des semences pour la culture du bourgou, une culture fourragère utilisée comme nourriture pour le bétail. Le soutien apporté par ACTED vise à renforcer le lien économique entre les éleveurs et les agriculteurs et ainsi apaiser les tensions agro-pastorales. Enfin, des activités d’argent contre travail ont également été mises en œuvre afin de permettre aux ménages les plus vulnérables d’avoir accès à une source de revenu immédiate pendant la période de soudure, tout en permettant aux populations de réaliser des activités et infrastructures communautaires améliorant les capacités de résilience. Ainsi, par la restauration de leurs moyens de subsistance, les ménages affectés par les conflits seront plus aptes à faire face aux difficultés de sécurité alimentaire qui sévit dans la région.

L’histoire d’Agheïsha

Parmi les bénéficiaires, Agheïsha, habitante d’Inekar et mère de trois jeunes enfants, a accepté de témoigner. Comme beaucoup de personnes dans cette région, Agheïsha avait un troupeau de bétail avant la crise qui lui permettait d’avoir de la nourriture et une activité stable pour elle et sa famille. Elle a perdu son troupeau suite à la crise, et, souffrant d’un handicap physique, il était devenu impossible pour elle de trouver de la nourriture et subvenir aux besoins de sa famille. Il y a environ 5 mois, Agheïsha a reçu deux chèvres lors de la distribution organisée à Inekar. Ambitieuse, elle compte bien reconstituer son cheptel et profiter des revenus de la vente du lait pour assurer les besoins quotidiens de sa famille. La stratégie d’Agheïsha est un exemple de relèvement et de capacité à répondre à la fois aux besoins primaires sur le court terme et sur le moyen terme, et ainsi faire le lien entre urgence et relèvement précoce. Elle explique que 10 têtes de bétail de son troupeau ont pu être déparasités en août 2016 grâce à la campagne de vaccination et de déparasitage mise en œuvre par ACTED, en partenariat avec les services vétérinaires locaux. Les sensibilisations associées lui ont permis de comprendre la nécessité du déparasitage pour garantir la bonne santé et la survie de son troupeau. Dorénavant, elle conduira régulièrement ses nouvelles bêtes aux services vétérinaires. Grâce à ce projet, Agheïsha est soulagée car elle peut subvenir aux besoins de sa famille, elle a même retrouvé espoir et peut penser au futur, et continuer à faire grandir son troupeau et enseigner l’élevage à ses enfants.

Des défis persistants

Bien que ce projet réponde aux urgences des populations vulnérables et apporte une aide en termes de sécurité alimentaire, le nord du Mali reste confronté à une insécurité nutritionnelle importante. La récurrence des évènements et catastrophes naturels, comme la sécheresse ou les inondations, les pertes de bétail liées aux épidémies ou au manque d’eau, le manque d’infrastructures agro-pastorales et le faible accès à l’eau laissent la région de Ménaka dans une situation d’urgence.

Au regard de la saison sèche qui s’annonce difficile, la situation d’insécurité alimentaire risque d’être conséquente, notamment car les activités liées à l’élevage restent parmi les activités principales de la région de Ménaka, avec 15% de la population ayant une activité liée au bétail. D’après une enquête réalisée par ACTED en avril 2016 dans la région de Ménaka, non seulement plus d’un tiers des ménages n’ont pas de source de revenu et ont un indice de consommation alimentaire faible, mais 71% et 62% des personnes enquêtées se disent respectivement ne pas avoir de stock de nourriture pour leur famille et d’aliments bétails pour leur troupeau. C’est pourquoi ACTED, grâce au financement d’OFDA, a décidé de reconduire un projet similaire d’appui multisectoriel en faveur des ménages les plus vulnérables affectés par les conflits dans les régions de Ménaka et de Gao, et continuer de soutenir les populations les plus à risque.


Cameroon: Empowering Central African refugees in Cameroon

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Source: European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office
Country: Cameroon, Central African Republic

By: Aminata Diagne Barre

The conflict between Seleka, a coalition of rebel groups, and Anti-balaka militias in the Central African Republic (CAR) has caused a large influx of refugees into neighbouring Cameroon. According to the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR), Cameroon is currently hosting over 250 000 refugees who have fled the inter-communal conflict in 2013. The majority of the refugees in eastern Cameroon reside in camps or live with host families in the surrounding villages.

In 2015, the European Union allocated a total of €25.2 million in humanitarian assistance to Cameroon, €7.9 million of which went to Central African refugees. This funding addressed the refugees' essential needs and aimed to foster their empowerment.

Heavy rains batter Mbilé refugee camp in the east of Cameroon, as Adamou Bakoho, a former breeder and chairman of the 'Committee of Wise Refugee Men', remembers his early days in the camp. “Back in the Central African Republic, we were large-scale livestock farmers," he recalls. "But when we arrived in this camp we had nothing. We were so weak that some of us could not even stand to go and pick up their food assistance ration. Many of us died.”

The EU's humanitarian aid to Central African refugees starts with food assistance. Through humanitarian partners, such as the World Food Programme (WFP), refugees are provided with rice, millet, vegetable oil, sugar and beans — taking into account local eating habits and food availability.

EU partner organisations regularly consult with refugee beneficiaries before and during interventions through focus groups and discussion forums in order to understand their needs and requests and deliver assistance effectively.

Many Central African refugees in Cameroon were completely destitute when they first arrived at the camp, but are gradually becoming more capable to look after themselves.

“We feel less vulnerable than before.” – Adamou.

Next to Adamou sits Ramatou Adzouzi, president of the 'Refugee Women' of Mbilé camp. “Here, the needs are huge, but we are now well organised. Refugee women have set up a small fund and each of us pays a small contribution based on our own resources.”

In addition to receiving food assistance, refugees are encouraged to produce what they need for their own consumption. They help build shelters and latrines and ensure the maintenance of water-collection points. They are provided with vegetable seeds to start a home garden beside their shelters, or they can join 'farmer clubs' set up in the camps to produce food in larger quantities.

The EU-funded livelihood programmes aim to provide refugees with strategies that they can adopt to make a living. Vocational training, small business development, apprenticeships and agriculture and livestock programmes help people create income-generating activities for themselves and play an active role in their own development.

Be it at the community or individual level, empowering refugees by increasing their self-reliance is a priority for the EU and its humanitarian partners.

Nigeria: Nigeria: Humanitarian Funding Overview (as of 13 September 2016)

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Nigeria

Nigeria: Nigeria: Incident Snapshot (as of 31 August 2016)

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Nigeria

Violence, much of it related to Boko Haram, continues to affect lives in Nigeria’s north east and the work of humanitarian actors there as well. In Adamawa, Borno, Gombe and Yobe states, Boko Haram accounts for 91 and 96 per cent of all reported incidents and fatalities so far in 2016. The vast majority of incidents this year have occurred in Borno, the site of an attack on a UN convoy in late July that left 4 aid agency staff wounded. Although the total number of Boko Haram-related incidents so far this year is slightly higher than at this time in 2015, the number of fatalities is less than half of those incurred by this time last year.

South Sudan: South Sudan: Western Bahr el Ghazal Situation and Response Report | Update #15 (Reporting period 4 – 10 September 2016)

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Source: International Organization for Migration
Country: South Sudan

Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)

• The UN Security Council toured the Wau protection of civilians (PoC) area adjacent to the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) base and the Cathedral collective centre on 4 September, view here.

• De-congestion of the PoC site continued, with 972 individuals (169 households) without shelter relocated to 17 new communal shelters.

• Camp management continues to work with camp leadership to establish governance structures. Standard operating procedures are currently under development.

• Displacement Tracking and Monitoring: For the first time, more people were recorded as exiting the Wau PoC site than entering. Of those who do enter, most cite insecurity and lack of food as the primary reasons. While for the rst time in several weeks, the Cathedral collective centre reported more entries than exits, with most people exiting citing food and living conditions as their primary motivation.

Health Shelter and Non-Food Items (S-NFI)

•10 communal shelters were constructed in the PoC site. A total of 17 new communal shelters have been built over the past few weeks, with capacity to house 1,020 individuals.

•5,241 solar lamps were distributed to internally displaced persons (IDPs) at the Wau PoC site and to 303 households in Loko Loko.

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)

•IOM continues to conduct daily water monitoring for free residual cholorine, chlorine demand and Jar Test, nding that all water is safe for consumption.

•Drilling of two boreholes in the Wau PoC site is ongoing. IOM repaired 3 boreholes in Wau Municipality during the week, bringing the total of repaired boreholes to 22.

Health

• Following nearly two months of limited access, IOM teams traveled to Ngisa, south of Wau town, on 4 September to deliver medical supplies and assess health and water needs.

• The top morbidity at IOM’s three clinics at the Cathedral, South Sudan Red Cross and Nazareth was malaria, accounting for 63% of all health consultations, followed by upper respiratory tract infection (17%).

•Routine vaccination continued during the week, with 264 children receiving vaccinations.

•46 pregnant and 133 non-pregnant women received the tetanus toxoid vaccine during the week, an increase from the previous week.

•3,544 individuals were provided with health promotion messages at the three clinics, including vaccination, diarrhea causes and prevention, family planning and malaria.

•Psychosocial Support (PSS): 7,874 individuals received PSS messages through 645 household visits by community mobilizers at the three sites. A further 42 cases were identied and provided with PSS counselling.

Mali: Does climate change cause conflicts in the Sahel?

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Source: International Institute for Environment and Development
Country: Mali

Guest post by Tor A. Benjaminsen

An emerging narrative points to global warming as a driver of conflict in the Sahel – but this narrative risks glossing over the real root causes.

The Sahel is often recognised as a hotspot of violent conflicts, typically between farmers and pastoralists or between the state and armed groups.

More recently, jihadist violence has reinforced this image in particular because of attacks by groups associated with ISIL and Al Qaeda in Mali, Boko Haram in Nigeria and Al-Shabaab in Somalia.

What is behind these conflicts? Most empirical research points to political and historical factors as the root cause.

However as climate change becomes a leading global political issue, an emerging and increasingly powerful policy narrative presents global warming as a major driver. But how valid is this argument?

Examining the climate-conflict link

Two elements underpin the climate-conflict narrative. First, it assumes global climate change leads to drought and desertification, which in turn leads to resource scarcity. Second, it suggests this resource scarcity causes migration – fuelling new conflicts, or triggering existing unrest bubbling below the surface.

But trends show more rainfall – not less.

Since the Sahelian ecosystem largely depends on rainfall, global warming – if it reduces rainfall – may lead to desertification and resource scarcity in the long run. However, current rainfall trends and projections do not point to less rainfall: while some climate models support the idea that this region will become drier, most models actually suggest more abundant – but also possibly more delayed and concentrated – rainfall in the future.

In fact, since the drought years of the 1980s the Sahel has seen more rainfall. It has become greener again, not desertified.

Evidence linking resource scarcity and conflict is weak

Empirical evidence from international research also casts doubt on the second element of the climate-conflict narrative. Although a link between resource scarcity and conflicts cannot be simply dismissed, most empirical results question its validity.

Rather, case studies in central parts of the Sahel indicate that conflicts have historical and political causes such as government officials seeking rent, as well as policies and legislation that marginalise pastoralists.

The example of Mali

One example comes from the dry parts of Africa where pastoralism and farming overlap as the main forms of land use, and where conflicts – large or small – are ongoing.

In Mali, farmer-herder conflicts are linked to the state's pastoral and land tenure policies and legislation. These generally favour farmers and tend to lead to pastoralists being squeezed out of access to grazing land.

Three structural factors are key drivers of these conflicts:

• Agricultural encroachment that has obstructed free movement for herders and livestock

• Opportunistic behaviour by farmers and herders that moved to fill a political vacuum left by the disintegration and withdrawal of services following the state’s decentralisation policy, and

• Corruption and rent seeking among government officials.

Pastoral marginalisation was also at the root of the Tuareg rebellion that triggered Mali's civil war in the 1990s and again in 2012. The drought of the 1970s and 1980s only played an indirect role in the rebellion: it led to the migration of young Tuareg men to Libya, where they were hired as soldiers and exposed to revolutionary ideas.

There was already a strong feeling among Mali's Tuareg and nomads in general that they were being marginalised by state policies of modernisation, and by policies that encourage fixed settlements. Then, embezzlement of drought relief funds by government officials in Bamako added to the anger – and young Tuareg in Algeria and Libya took up arms against the Malian state in 1990.

The rebellion would have likely taken place without the droughts of the 1970s and 1980s. It's worth noting the first Tuareg rebellion in Mali took place in 1963 following an unusually humid period.

Disputes are historical and political

Pastoralists are flexible and opportunistic in how they use their resources, meaning they can more easily adapt to climate variability than many other groups.

But at the same time, state policies that favour settled agriculture in many countries in the Sahel at the expense of mobile and flexible livestock production undermine not only pastoralists' access to land but also livestock-keeping – still one of the region's most important economic activities.

Empirical evidence from other parts of Africa, points to the same conclusion: the link between climate change and conflicts is negligible. Droughts and floods may potentially escalate tensions but evidence suggests that the root causes of land disputes are historical and political.

Climate change is without doubt one of the greatest global challenges of our time. But to suggest it is responsible for causing conflict in the Sahel is overstretching its impact.

This risks undermining long-term public engagement in climate change. It also risks overlooking the political factors that drive disputes. Glossing over the root causes could hinder efforts of finding effective solutions to conflicts.

Tor A. Benjaminsen (torbe@nmbu.no) is professor at the Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences. He is author of the chapter 'Does Climate Change Lead to Conflicts in the Sahel?' from the book The End of Desertification? Disputing Environmental Change in tbe Drylands published by Springer in 2016.

South Sudan: UNICEF South Sudan Humanitarian Situation Report #93, 26 August - 08 September 2016

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Source: UN Children's Fund
Country: South Sudan

Highlights

• As of 5 September, a total of 1,751 cholera cases have been reported, with 26 deaths. In response to outbreaks in Nimule and Mingkamen, five new oral rehydration points have been established.

• As part of the integrated response in Northern Bahr el Ghazal, 30,487 malnourished children have benefited from WASH kits (containing soap, a bucket, a collapsible jerrycan, and Aquatabs).

• An estimated 20,000 children are out of school in Unity following the suspension of education in emergency activities due to insecurity in both Northern Mayendit and Leer Counties.

SITUATION IN NUMBERS

1.69 million
People internally displaced since 15 December 2013 (OCHA, Humanitarian Snapshot 5 May 2016)

Over 930,388
Estimated new South Sudanese refugees in neighbouring countries since December 2013 (UNHCR Portal and Regional Updates and Situation Reports, 26 August 2016)

Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs

The security situation across the country remains calm but tense and unpredictable. Following a visit by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), the South Sudan government has accepted the deployment of an additional 4,000 Regional Protection Force recently mandated by the UNSC; this should have a positive impact on security in Juba. Security along main supply routes leading into Juba has further deteriorated due to increased attacks and raised risk levels for travel along those routes.

As of 5 September, a total of 1,751 cholera cases have been reported, with 26 deaths confirmed, at a case fatality rate of 1.48 per cent. The cholera outbreak, which was initially limited to Juba, Terekeka, and Duk where transmission has stabilised, is now confirmed to have spread to Mingkaman and Nimule, where 44 and 14 cases, respectively, have been reported.

Malnutrition remains a key concern, in particular in Northern Bahr el Ghazal (NBeG). An updated Integrated Phase classification (IPC) analysis was conducted between 16-21 August; the report is currently awaiting Government approval and official release.

South Sudan: UNHCR South Sudan Factsheet - August 2016

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Source: UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Country: Burundi, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan

HIGHLIGHTS

31,600
Refugee homes sprayed with residual insecticides in Maban
10,177
Uniforms procured for refugee students in Maban
9,414
Vulnerable refugees and IDPs received material assistance
382
Refugees, IDPs and key actors trained in human rights and business skills

Population of concern

A total of 1.61 million IDPs
A total of 261,280 refugees

Funding

USD 275,668,213
Requested for comprehensive needs in 2016

Refugees by country of origin
Country Total Sudan 240,087
DRC 14,760
Ethiopia 4,526
Central African Republic 1,878
Other nationalities 49
Total 261,280


South Sudan: UNHCR South Sudan Factsheet - August 2016

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Source: UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Country: Burundi, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan

HIGHLIGHTS

31,600 Refugee homes sprayed with residual insecticides in Maban

10,177 Uniforms procured for refugee students in Maban

9,414 Vulnerable refugees and IDPs received material assistance

382 Refugees, IDPs and key actors trained in human rights and business skills

Cameroon: Irrigation turns drought to cash for Cameroon's vegetable farmers

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Source: Reuters - AlertNet
Country: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Nigeria

by Elias Ntungwe Ngalame

AKUM, Cameroon, Sept 14 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Farmers in this poverty-mired region of northwest Cameroon used to watch their vegetable patches dry up and die in drought periods, even though nearby rivers and streams offered a steady flow of water.

The problem? Getting the water to the fields was nearly impossible because the area's steep, rocky terrain made carrying it hugely difficult.

Read the full story on Reuters - AlertNet.

Chad: Cluster Sécurité Alimentaire Assistance alimentaire au Tchad Au 13 septembre 2016

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Source: World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food Security Cluster
Country: Chad

Mise à jour des activités du Cluster Sécurité Alimentaire

• Les informations issues des résultats du Cadre Harmonisé de mars 2016 sont les suivantes :

 La production céréalière est en baisse de 11 % par rapport à celle l’année dernière et de 9% par rapport à la moyenne des cinq dernières années.

 La situation pastorale est caractérisée par une baisse des pâturages, tarissement précoce des mares et des points d’eau et descente précoce des transhumants vers les régions sud du pays.

 L’insécurité causé par la secte BH limite les exportations et les importations des produits agricoles et d’élevage, entravant l’approvisionnement normal de plupart des marchés en denrées alimentaires.
Plus d’informations peuvent être trouvées en suivant ce lien.

• Sur l’ensemble du pays, la population souffrant de la faim continue d’atteindre les proportions édifiantes, avec un risque d’aggravation en mi 2016 si des moyens supplémentaires ne sont pas mobilisés.

• Du fait de l’accès difficile, malgré les besoins, les partenaires n’ont pu couvrir l’ensemble des régions, comme celles du Nord (Tibesti, Borkou , Ennedi)

South Sudan: Interview: South Sudanese stave off death with water lilies and goat bones

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Source: Reuters - AlertNet
Country: South Sudan

In Juba, vegetable traders are now cutting tomatoes in half to sell because some customers can no longer afford to buy a whole one

By Emma Batha

LONDON, Sept 13 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Tens of thousands of people in South Sudan are on the brink of starvation with many living in swamps and surviving on water lilies and goat bones, a senior aid worker has said.

A hunger crisis affecting an estimated 4.8 million people could turn catastrophic unless aid is urgently stepped up, MercyCorps country director Deepmala Mahla warned.

Read the full story on Reuters - AlertNet.

South Sudan: WFP South Sudan Country Brief, August 2016

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Source: World Food Programme
Country: South Sudan

Highlights

  • WFP price monitoring indicates a historic high inflation of 661.3 percent.

  • Headcount in Juba Protection of Civilian sites indicates that 37,000 people displaced people require assistance.

  • Phase III scale up of the food assistance and air deliveries in Northern Bahr el Ghazal is ongoing.

  • Security and access remain significant constraints to humanitarian operations across the country.

Operational Updates

  • A headcount at the Juba Protection of Civilian (PoC) site was conducted, revealing a figure of 37,000 people displaced and seeking shelter at the UNMISS site. WFP is distributing 30 day household rations to all those recorded in the headcount.

  • Stakeholders participated in a vetting workshop from 23-28 August to review the data collected and preliminary results for the next Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) update. The next report is expected in September.

  • WFP continues to scale up its response to the deteriorating food and nutrition security situation in Northern Bahr el Ghazal where about 60 percent of the population (845,000 people) - is facing crisis and emergency levels of food insecurity. In August, 336,000 people received live saving food assistance as part of the phase III scale-up. Air drops of food assistance are ongoing with 1,900 mt delivered by air to date, marking the first time since South Sudan gained independence that WFP has had to move commodities to Northern Bahr el Ghazal through air operations.

  • Airdrops from Gambella (Ethiopia) were resumed on 16 August following two weeks of suspension as WFP renewed its clearances with the Government of South Sudan for air operations into the country. WFP has also relocated one aircraft to Entebbe (Uganda) to increase delivery options.

Mali: West and Central Africa: Weekly Regional Humanitarian Snapshot (6 - 12 September 2016)

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
GUNMEN RAIDHOSPITAL, SEVERAL VILLAGES
Armed assailants on 12 September stormed a hospital in the northern Kaga-Bandoro town, demanding to be treated for injuries following a road accident. They harassed personnel and forced patients to flee. Interim Humanitarian Coordinator Michel Yao condemned the raid and reiterated his call for the respect of medical facilities and personnel. Separately, on 10 September, gunmen raided several villages in the central Kouango region, killing six people, torching houses and forcing some 2,000 people to flee. A MINUSCA patrol team has been dispatched to the area.

COTE D’IVOIRE
BORDER WITH GUINEA, LIBERIA REOPENED
Côte d’Ivoire on 7 September officially reopened its border with Guinea and Liberia more than two years after it was shut as part of Ebola containment measures. All other Ebola-related restrictions have also been lifted. The repatriation of Ivorian refugees from Liberia had resumed before the official reopening of the border, with more than 15,000 people assisted to return home so far this year. The move will also enable UNHCR to restart the voluntary repatriation of around 7,000 Ivorian refugees in Guinea.

GABON
CALM RETURNING AFTER POLL CHAOS
Economic activity and normal life is progressively returning to the capital Libreville and elsewhere in the country following violent protests triggered by the disputed presidential election results announced on 31 August. Opposition leader Jean Ping has filed an appeal at the constitutional court seeking a vote recount in Haut-Ogooué province, President Ali Bongo’s stronghold. A verdict is expected on 23 September.

MALI
RECORD FLOODING TO HIT NIGER DELTA
In the coming months, Mali’s inner Niger delta is expected to experience its highest level of flooding in 50 years, according to the National Water Directorate. Water levels measured on 6 September in the inland delta’s southern Mopti area was the highest since 1964. Flooding is expected to peak in November and December. The delta consists of flood plains, lakes, river branches and small pockets of flood forest, and sustains around 1.5 million people through farming, fishing and cattle herding.

NIGER
TWO KILLED IN REFUGEE CAMP ATTACK
Unknown assailants raided Tabareybarey refugee camp near the border with Mali on 8 September, killing two people and wounding several others. The camp is home to around 10,000 Malians. Niger currently hosts some 60,000 Malian refugees. Around 135,000 Malians are still living in refuge in neighbouring countries since conflict erupted back home in 2012.

NIGERIA
CONCERNS OVER RETURNING IDPs
Hundreds of internally displaced persons (IDPs) are returning to villages in Borno State that were previously occupied by Boko Haram, raising concerns about living conditions, basic services and security in these areas. Many of the IDPs will be going back to destroyed homes and infrastructure, and in areas lacking health care and other services. Of the 16 districts that have now come under Government control, the humanitarian community has been able to access only 10 districts, where some 800,000 people are in need of assistance.

Mali: Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre: Aperçu humanitaire hebdomadaire (6 - 12 septembre 2016)

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria

RÉPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE
DES HOMMES ARMÉS ATTAQUENT UN HÔPITAL
Le 12 septembre, des assaillants armés ont pris d'assaut un hôpital dans la ville de Kaga- Bandoro au nord, demandant à être traités pour des blessures suite à un accident de la route. Ils ont harcelé le personnel et contraint les patients à fuir. Le Coordinateur humanitaire intérimaire, Michel Yao, a condamné le raid et a réitéré son appel pour le respect des installations médicales et du personnel. Par ailleurs, le 10 septembre, des hommes armés ont attaqué plusieurs villages dans la région centrale de Kouango, tuant six personnes, incendiant des maisons et forçant quelque 2 000 personnes à fuir. Une équipe de patrouille de la MINUSCA a été envoyée dans la région.

CÔTE D’IVOIRE
RÉOUVERTURE DE LA FRONTIÈRE AVEC LA GUINÉE ET LE LIBERIA
Le 7 septembre, la Côte d'Ivoire a officiellement rouvert sa frontière avec la Guinée et le Liberia, plus de deux ans après l’avoir fermé dans le cadre des mesures de confinement d'Ebola. Toutes les autres restrictions liées à l’épidémie ont également été levées. Le rapatriement des réfugiés ivoiriens du Liberia avait repris avant la réouverture officielle de la frontière, avec plus de 15 000 personnes assistées à rentrer chez elles jusqu'à présent cette année. La décision permettra également au HCR de redémarrer le rapatriement volontaire de quelque 7 000 réfugiés ivoiriens en Guinée.

GABON
RETOUR AU CALME APRÈS DES ÉLECTIONS TUMULTUEUSES
L'activité économique et la vie normale sont progressivement de retour dans la capitale Libreville et ailleurs dans le pays à la suite de violentes manifestations déclenchées par les résultats contestés de l’élection présidentielle annoncés le 31 août. Le leader de l'opposition, Jean Ping, a déposé un recours auprès de la cour constitutionnelle demandant un recomptage des votes dans la province du Haut-Ogooué, fief du président Ali Bongo. Un verdict est attendu le 23 septembre.

MALI
DES INONDATIONS RECORDS PRÉVUES DANS LE DELTA DU NIGER
Le delta intérieur du Niger, au Mali, devrait connaître son plus haut niveau d'inondation en 50 ans dans les prochains mois, selon la Direction nationale de l'eau du Mali. Le niveau d'eau mesuré le 6 septembre à l’intérieur du delta dans la zone sud de Mopti était le plus élevé depuis 1964. Les inondations de cette année atteindrons leur apogée en novembre et décembre. Le delta est constitué de plaines inondables, de lacs, de bras de rivière et de petites poches de forêt fluviales, et soutient environ 1,5 millions de personnes qui dépendent de l'inondation annuelle pour la culture du riz, la pêche et l'élevage du bétail.

NIGER
DEUX MORTS DANS L’ATTAQUE D’UN CAMP DE RÉFUGIÉS
Le 8 septembre, des inconnus ont attaqué le camp de réfugiés de Tabareybarey près de la frontière avec le Mali, tuant deux personnes et en blessant plusieurs autres. Le camp abrite environ 10 000 maliens. Le Niger accueille actuellement quelque 60 000 réfugiés maliens. Environ 135 000 maliens sont encore réfugiés dans les pays voisins depuis le début du conflit en 2012.

NIGERIA
PRÉOCCUPATIONS QUANT AU RETOUR DES PERSONNES DÉPLACÉES
Des centaines de personnes déplacées internes retournent dans leurs villages de l‘État de Borno qui étaient auparavant occupés par Boko Haram, soulevant des inquiétudes sur les conditions de vie, les services de base et la sécurité dans ces zones. Bon nombre de personnes déplacées retourneront dans des maisons et infrastructures détruites, et dans des zones manquant de soins de santé et d'autres services. Sur les 16 districts qui sont maintenant sous le contrôle du gouvernement, la communauté humanitaire a un accès limité à seulement 10, où quelque 800 000 personnes ont besoin d'aide.


Chad: Le Fonds central d'urgence (CERF) alloue 10 millions de dollars pour aider 210 000 personnes dans des régions au sud du Tchad et maintenir l'accès humanitaire

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Central African Republic, Chad

(N'djamena, le 14 septembre 2016): Le Secrétaire général adjoint des Nations Unies aux affaires humanitaires et Coordonnateur des secours d’urgence, M. Stephen O’Brien, a approuvé l’allocation de 10 millions de dollars issus du Fonds central d'intervention d'urgence (CERF) pour l’action humanitaire au Tchad. Les fonds octroyés permettront d’apporter une assistance vitale dans quatre régions du sud du pays, afin de répondre aux besoins de 210 000 retournés et réfugiés de la République Centrafricaine et de leurs communautés hôtes.

Selon la communauté humanitaire, la situation dans les régions du Moyen-Chari, Mandoul, Logone Oriental et Logone Occidental, au sud du Tchad, à la frontière avec la RCA, est inquiétante et marquée notamment par une dégradation de la sécurité alimentaire dans un contexte de retrait progressif des partenaires humanitaires en raison d’un manque de ressources.

Le Coordonnateur Humanitaire au Tchad, M. Stephen Tull, a salué l’importance de cette allocation tout en déplorant le sous-financement : « Alors que l’ONU et les partenaires humanitaires travaillent sans relâche aux côtés du Gouvernement tchadien et des populations hôtes pour aider les plus vulnérables, le déficit de financement humanitaire augmente chaque année, notamment pour les crises oubliées comme celle du sud ou de l’est du Tchad, où la situation demeure préoccupante. Dans un contexte où les ressources limitées de l’Etat tchadien ne lui permettent pas d’assurer l’accès généralisé aux services essentiels, ce financement est capital pour répondre aux besoins urgents des réfugiés, des retournés tchadiens et des populations hôtes vulnérables, tout en continuant à travailler sur le renforcement des capacités nationales. »

Au total, sept projets financés par les fonds CERF permettront d’améliorer les conditions de vie des populations les plus vulnérables. Ces projets permettront d’apporter une assistance multisectorielle d’urgence en renforçant la sécurité alimentaire au travers de transferts monétaires (46% des fonds octroyés), les services de nutrition (15%) et l’accès aux soins de santé (19%), la maintenance et l’amélioration des infrastructures d’eau et d’assainissement (6%), la réhabilitation des abris détruits (2%), et l’accès à l’éducation (2%). Dix pour cent des fonds seront alloués aux services aériens UNHAS pour maintenir l’accès humanitaire dans tout le pays. Les agences des Nations Unies récipiendaires sont la FAO, le FNUAP, le HCR, l’OIM, l’OMS, le PAM et l’UNICEF. Elles travailleront conjointement avec des partenaires opérationnels afin de mettre en œuvre les différents projets au cours des neuf prochains mois.

Selon Florent Méhaule, Chef du Bureau des Nations Unies pour la Coordination des Affaires humanitaires (OCHA) au Tchad, « il est primordial que d’autres bailleurs de fonds s’engagent, car ce financement CERF ne couvrira qu’une fraction des besoins. Le Tchad fait partie des pays où le Plan de réponse humanitaire (HRP) est le moins financé. De plus, il est nécessaire d’attirer l’attention des bailleurs de développement, de réfléchir à des solutions durables et d’encourager des projets permettant de renforcer la résilience des populations affectées. »

Note aux éditeurs : Mis en place par l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies en 2006, le CERF est un mécanisme de financement humanitaire géré par OCHA, qui permet une réponse plus rapide et efficace aux besoins vitaux des populations touchées par des catastrophes naturelles, des conflits armés, ou des crises sous financées.

Pour plus d’information, veuillez contacter:

M. Florent Méhaule, Chef de Bureau, mehaule@un.org, Tel. +23568851004 Mme. Naomi Frérotte, Chargée de l’Information Publique, frerotte@un.org, Tel. +23566901633 Les communiqués d’OCHA sont disponibles sur www.unocha.org ou www.reliefweb.int.

Chad: The Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) allocates US$10 million to help 210,000 people in southern regions of Chad and maintain humanitarian access

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Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Central African Republic, Chad

(N'djamena, 14 September 2016): Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, M. Stephen O’Brien, approved the allocation of US$10 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) for humanitarian action in Chad. The funds will provide vital assistance in four regions in the south, to meet the needs of 210,000 refugees and returnees from the Central African Republic and their host communities.

According to the humanitarian community, the situation in the regions of Moyen-Chari, Mandoul, Logone Oriental and Logone Occidental, in southern Chad, on the border with CAR, is of deep concern and notably marked by deterioration in food security in a context of gradual withdrawal of humanitarian partners due to a lack of resources.

The Humanitarian Coordinator in Chad, Stephen Tull, acclaimed the importance of the allocation while deploring the underfunding: "While the UN and humanitarian partners are working tirelessly alongside the Chadian Government and host populations to help the most vulnerable, the humanitarian funding gap is growing every year, especially for forgotten crises such as those in southern or eastern Chad, where the situation remains worrying. In a context where the limited resources of the Chadian state does not allow it to ensure widespread access to essential services, this funding is crucial to meet the urgent needs of refugees, Chadian returnees and vulnerable host populations while continuing to work on strengthening national capacities. "

In total, seven projects funded by the CERF will improve the living conditions of the most vulnerable populations. These projects will provide emergency multisectoral assistance by strengthening food security through cash transfers (46% of the funds), nutrition services (15%) and access to health care (19%), maintenance and improvement of water and sanitation infrastructure (6%), rehabilitation of destroyed shelters (2%), and access to education (2%). Ten percent of the funds will be allocated to UNHAS air service to maintain humanitarian access throughout the country. The United Nations recipient agencies are FAO, UNFPA, UNHCR, IOM, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. They will work together with implementing partners to deliver various projects over the next nine months.

According to Florent Méhaule, Head of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in Chad, "it is essential that other donors scale up their support because CERF funding will only cover a fraction of the needs. Chad is one of the countries where the humanitarian response plan (HRP) is the least funded. In addition, it is necessary to draw the attention of development agencies, to think about sustainable solutions and encourage projects that strengthen the resilience of affected populations."

Note to editors: Created by the United Nations General Assembly in 2006, CERF is a humanitarian funding mechanism managed by OCHA, which enables a faster and more effective response to vital needs of people affected by natural disasters, armed conflicts, or under-funded crises.

For further information, please contact:

Mr. Florent Méhaule, Head of Office, mehaule@un.org, Tel. +23568851004 Ms. Naomi Frérotte, Public Information Officer, frerotte@un.org, Tel. +23566901633 OCHA press releases are available at www.unocha.org or www.reliefweb.int.

World: Islamic Relief Worldwide 2015 Annual Report & Financial Statements

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Source: Islamic Relief
Country: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, India, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nepal, Niger, occupied Palestinian territory, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, World, Yemen

Islamic Relief Worldwide’s annual report for 2015 has been published today, detailing our income, expenditure and the projects we undertook to help 8.3 million people across the globe.

2015 was a complex and challenging year, one in which we witnessed the worst refugee crisis since the Second World War, while conflict continued to fracture families, natural disasters devastated communities and millions of people still struggled in poverty. For Islamic Relief, these challenges only strengthened our determination to extend our global presence and assist those in dire need of our help.

Our total income reached £105.6 million, with programme expenditures increasing by 25% to £100.3 million. As 50% of our work focused on empowering communities, we delivered sustainable development and educational projects to make a permanent difference in some of the world’s poorest communities. More than 525,000 people worldwide are now better able to cope with the impacts of climate change thanks to disaster-resilient homes, weather-tolerant seeds and livelihoods training. Our pioneering multi-national Islamic microfinance programme now enables nearly 15,000 entrepreneurs in a dozen countries to lift themselves out of poverty and 48,000 orphans are currently benefiting from our sponsorship programme.

As one of the first respondents to humanitarian disasters, we delivered swift emergency aid as soon as earthquakes hit Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nepal, and when flood waters swept into homes in the United Kingdom. By working in areas that many other organisations cannot reach, we are able to reach even more people in need. As the war in Syria entered its fourth year, we reached a staggering four million vulnerable people and our local presence in Yemen meant that when violence erupted, we were able to respond rapidly and provide 1.3 million people with food rations and access to clean drinking water.

In 2015, we pushed for a safer, fairer world for all by brokering the first Islamic Declaration on Climate Change and published our first gender justice policy. We also introduced a new General Assembly to better reflect our international position in the sector. Together with the Board of Trustees, the General Assembly will promote funding for long-term programmes and push for productive partnerships with aid agencies and institutions across the globe. This, we believe, will enable us to continue growing and making a lasting change in the fight against poverty and suffering.

Without our dedicated staff, volunteers and supporters none of our work would be possible, and so we pass on our sincerest thanks to the public, multilateral and governmental partners for their generosity. We are truly humbled by the trust placed in us to make a difference and, together, we will continue delivering impactful programmes that empower those that we exist to serve.

Cameroon: Cameroun: Bulletin hebdomadaire #13 - Protection, 29 Août – 2 Sept. 2016

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Source: UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Country: Cameroon, Nigeria

Situation Sécuritaire

La situation sécuritaire dans l’arrondissement de Mora est restée au centre des préoccupations de l’ensemble de la population et des acteurs de protection. En effet, depuis l’explosion d’un kamikaze le 21 août dernier, la sécurité est de plus en plus renforcée et des opérations de rafle sont menées par les forces de maintien de l’ordre. Plusieurs quartiers ont été bouclés notamment : WALADE I, IGAGOUA, MASSARE I et II sans oublier le marché qui est régulièrement ratissé. Ces opérations ont abouti à l’interpellation de plusieurs personnes suspectées d’être de connivence avec Boko Haram.
Malgré le renforcement de la sécurité, Boko Haram continue ses incursions dans les localités frontalières camerounaises. La semaine écoulée, les villages de Kolofata et Goudoumboul dans l’Arrondissement de Kolofata ont connu deux attaques ayant engendré des pillages et provoqué des déplacements de populations vers Mora. Les attaques répétées contre ces villages plongent les populations d’autres villages dans la panique.

Mouvements de populations

Des mouvements de populations des localités frontalières vers d’autres localités, en quête de sécurité, continuent d’être enregistrés. La semaine écoulée, 1,201 personnes déplacées internes (PDIs) en provenance de Fotokol ont été enregistrés dans l’Arrondissement de Kousseri dans le Département du Logone et Chari. Le nombre total des PDIs dans la région de l’Extrême-Nord était estimé à environ 190,591 personnes d’après les données du monitoring de protection.

Libya: DTM Libya Flow Monitoring Statistical Report 2 (15 August - 04 September 2016)

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Source: International Organization for Migration
Country: Chad, Egypt, France, Germany, Ghana, Italy, Libya, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, World

What is Flow Monitoring

Libya’s Flow Monitoring statistical and analytical reports build on DTM’s Mobility Tracking Packages towards better articulating Libya’s human mobility profile.

Flow Monitoring is part of IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM). IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) is a suite of tools and methodologies designed to continuously track and analyse human mobility in different contexts. Flow Monitoring captures information on migrants to monitor and understand the trend of movements and population flows in specific locations within a particular time period. DTM Libya’s Flow Monitoring aims to collect and update information on the movement of migrants in Libya, to provide an accurate and timely overview of the migration flows in the country, in particular with regard to:

  • Routes used by the migrants who reach and/or transit through Libya

  • Identify and monitor the locations where migration flows are most significant

  • Provide granulated data on nationalities, sex and age of migrants and specific vulnerabilities

  • Develop migration profiles including drivers of migration and migratory trends

The information and analysis provided by DTM Libya complements IOM’s established exercises in the region and in Southern Europe (migration.iom.int/europe & missingmigrants.iom.int). Considering the scale and complexity of the current migration flows in Libya, the purpose of the DTM is to offer a dynamic approach in relation to the developments of the different routes and the evolving situation in the countries of origin, transit and destination.

This report presents the results of DTM Flow Monitoring’s second baseline assessment.

This report presents DTM Libya’s second round of findings from its Flow Monitoring baseline assessments. It presents the statistical results of the data captured on 3,324 migrants across 14 Flow Monitoring areas in Libya, grouped into 6 regions, between the 15th of August and the 4th of September 2016.

The primary nationalities of migrants recorded passing through Flow Monitoring areas were Egyptian, Sudanese and Chadian. Main countries of intended destination were Libya, Italy and France. Countries of intended destination varied based on nationalities. The majority of Egyptians reported Italy as their destination country, while Sudanese and Chadians intended to stay in Libya.

Methodology

IOM successfully trained a select group of 26 enumerators on DTM’s Flow Monitoring methodology and approach. Each Flow Monitoring area is monitored by two DTM enumerators collecting information at the main transit points identified by DTM’s Mobility Tracking initiative. Data collected in each area is triangulated with key informants, verified by IOM in Libya (Tripoli) and cross-referenced with IOM’s Mobility Tracking data by DTM’s experts in Tunis. The areas are grouped into 6 monitoring regions, as listed in the following report.

DTM aims to track migrants irrespective of the causes, voluntary or involuntary, and the means, regular or irregular. DTM’s methodology to track migrants is two-fold, firstly to regularly identify and map locations and estimates of numbers of migrants currently transiting through a selected location and secondly to regularly identify and profile sample caseloads of migrants transiting through each location.

The Flow Monitoring methodology includes a baseline assessment and a profiling survey. Both tools strive to provide a comprehensive understanding of migrant routes, locations and numbers, as well as information on types of residence, demographics, vulnerabilities, push and pull factors for migration, country of origin, challenges confronted and length of migration. DTM Flow Monitoring teams are deployed to the flow monitoring point to interview migrants directly and gather both quantitative and qualitative information.

Baseline assessments gather cumulative information on the number of migrants transiting through a specific area. The baseline assessment works to gather continuous information on the migrants’ nationalities, demographic breakdown, countries of origin and countries of intended destination and mode of transport. Baseline assessments are carried out on a continuous basis by DTM enumerators in order to gauge and quantify the flow of migrants at specific points. Flow Monitoring’s baseline assessment provide comprehensive quantitative information used to for DTM’s Statistical Reports.

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