Situation Sécuritaire

La situation sécuritaire dans le Mayo Sava reste précaire. La semaine a été marquée par plusieurs incidents de sécurité, notamment à Kolofata, Kerawa, Amshide, Doulo, Limani et Bornori, Magdeme, Double, Gogo, Dele et Galgiwa, forçant les populations des villages affectés à fuir vers les localités de Mémé et Djoundé.

Mouvements de populations

Suite aux attaques perpétrées la semaine écoulée par Boko Haram contre les villages frontaliers camerounais, plus de 6,715 personnes ont fui leurs villages pour se réfugier dans les localités de Djoundé (quelque 2000 personnes) et Meme (plus de 4500 personnes) dans le département du Mayo Sava et Makary (215) dans le Logone et Chari. Ces populations sont constituées majoritairement de femmes et d’enfants. Leurs besoins urgents de ces populations se résument en santé, eau, nourriture et abris. Les acteurs humanitaires intervenant dans la zone, y compris le HCR, mutualisent leurs efforts pour apporter une réponse d’urgence à leurs besoins. Parmi ces populations déplacées, quelques ressortissants nigérians ont été enregistrés et se sont installés dans des sites spontanés de Djoundé, situé à 17 km de Mora.

MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS

• On 12 July, Anne Richard, Assistant US Secretary of State for Population, Refugees, and Migration (PRM), and UNHCR’s Representative, visited Minawao refugee camp to assess the situation of Nigerian refugees. During her visit, she met with refugee leaders who shared their concerns and the challenges faced by the refugee population in this camp.

• UNHCR’s Representative in the Central African Republic (CAR), Kouassi Lazare Etien, carried out a mission in the East region during which he briefed refugees on the current situation in their country of origin including reconstruction and social cohesion efforts following the presidential elections. He asked refugees about their views on the voluntary repatriation to the Central African Republic whereby they expressed various concerns, including, the ongoing insecurity in CAR, non-disarmament of armed groups, the country not being fully under the control of the government, continued fighting between the anti-Balaka and ex-Seleka, the risks of ethnic and religious discrimination and the lack of guarantee for the compensation or restitution of their properties looted or destroyed during the conflict.

• On 20 July, UNHCR handed over materials of support to the Inter ministerial-Ad-Hoc Committee for the Emergency Management of refugees in Cameroon, chaired by the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Decentralization. The materials included office, communication and mobility equipment which will be delivered to the sub-divisions that host refugees.

The Cadre Harmonise (CH) update analysis for Adamawa, Borno and Yobe States was conducted in August, 2016 in Abuja, Nigeria. The Boko Haram related insurgency in these states has caused population displacement, disruption in livelihoods, and acute food insecurity. According to the International Organization of Migration’s (IOM) June 2016 report, there are over 1.4 million, 159,445 and 111,671 internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states respectively. The food insecurity and low levels of food consumption can be attributed to depleted household stocks and poor access to markets, high prices of staple food, low income and extreme coping strategies.

Hazard and vulnerability

Despite improvement in civil security situation in these areas, there are still some attacks and suicide bombings which continue to cause fatalities, displacement, and livelihood restrictions. This has had a negative impact on food consumption and livelihood activities within both displaced and host community households. The situation is continuing, as new displacement occurs in areas where insurgents remain and as IDPs return home, mainly in Adamawa and Yobe States, and many returnees find their homes inhabitable and remain displaced in urban areas.

Food availability

Food availability is extremely limited. There has been no food production for the last three years and it is the lean season at the time of analysis. Consequently, household and market food stocks have been depleted and some areas have no access to markets.

Food access

Most households across the three states have experienced a decrease in food access due to the increase in food prices compared to previous years as a result of sky-rocketing inflation of the Naira. In most of the markets, prices have sharply increased since the beginning of 2016.

Food Utilization including Water

Information from surveys and assessments conducted by Government and International NGOs indicate that Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) rates in children under five are above critical thresholds. There is some access to potable water depending on the sites, although access is limited in many formal and informal IDP camps in Borno State.

The Cadre Harmonisé report released on 19 August 2016 indicates that 4.5 million people are severely food insecure (Phase 3 to 5) in northeast Nigeria and require immediate assistance, an increase of 50 percent compared with March 2016. Over 65 000 people are classified in Phase 5 (Famine), while the number of those in Phase 4 (Emergency) as tripled since March 2016, reaching over 1 million. Hard-to-reach areas of Borno and Yobe States, where food insecurity has reached extreme levels, are of particular concern. Such a rapid deterioration of the food security situation is linked to conflict and displacement and to the lack of relevant food production in the last three years and the consequent depletion of household and market food stocks.

The emergency strategy of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is based on the hypothesis that strengthening capacity to rapidly restore food production among the different farming communities in affected areas will contribute significantly, not just to improving food security, but also to paving the road back to resilience and stability in the region.

FAO is therefore focusing on: (i) mitigating the impact of the conflict on the livelihood crisis; and (ii) strengthening the resilience of communities affected by the crisis.

Given the severity of the situation, the need to urgently address the dramatic food security situation and the windows of opportunity offered by the opening of new areas, FAO has declared Nigeria an internal L3 surge and mobilized accordingly. FAO capacity is currently being strengthened and internal resources are being mobilized to kick-start the response and support coordination efforts.

However, FAO’s activities remain constrained by a serious lack of funding.

USD 10 million is needed now to provide agricultural inputs to IDPs and host families in time for the upcoming irrigated dry season and to support the livestock sector, in order to save the livelihoods of vulnerable rural households and improve food security.

A renewed commitment from resource partners is needed to expand interventions to newly liberated areas rendered accessible to humanitarian assistance in recent months.

Highlights:

• As of 30 June 2016, UNICEF treated 68,295 SAM children (6-59 months), provided access to formal and non-formal education to 48,212 crisis affected children, organized community level mine risk activities for 59,078 people, provided access to safe water to 28,900 crisis affected population in the North and contributed to reach more than 500,000 people through polio vaccination campaign in northern regions.

• Humanitarian access remains a major concern in the Northern Regions of Tombouctou, Gao, Menaka, Taoudeni and Kidal and some parts of Mopti. Despite the signature of the peace agreement, renewed violence undermines the provision of humanitarian aid.

• As of 30 June 2016, UNICEF had received 51% (US$ 17.4 million) of the US$ 34 million 2016 appeal, out of which US$ 5.3 million were carried forward from 2015.

Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs

In June 2015, nearly three years after conflict erupted in northern Mali, the Government and armed groups signed a peace agreement. The Malian population is yet to reap the dividends of this agreement and the rehabilitation of basic social services in the insecure north has yet to materialize. Renewed violence in the north and centre of the country in recent months and the violation of the ceasefire in Kidal in July 2016 between some signatories of the Peace Agreement are of particular concern. The insecurity that affects certain areas threatens civilians and undermines the provision of effective aid. Some 37,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain inside Mali and another 134,000 Malian refugees are in neighbouring countries. Humanitarian actors continue to play a critical role in supporting life-saving interventions, including by re-establishing basic social services and reinforcing social cohesion through peacebuilding at the community level. The slow-onset food and nutrition crisis remains a major concern, with approximately 180,000 children (aged 6 to 59 months) expected to suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in 2016. Capacity building of communities to respond to and reinforce their resilience against crises, including natural hazards and conflict, remains a priority.

Above-average rains remain favorable to cropping in northern areas, but flooding risks remain

KEY MESSAGES

• Total rainfall since mid-July has been above average in most northern areas of East Africa, including most of Sudan, western and northern Ethiopia, South Sudan, Djibouti, and Yemen, and is contributing to mostly favorable cropping and rangeland conditions.

• Despite favorable cropping prospects due to above-average rainfall in many areas, excessive rainfall has led to reports of flooding in parts of Sudan, Ethiopia, and South Sudan. In worst-affected areas, flooding has displaced households, damaged infrastructure, and damaged crops.

• However, rainfall since mid-July has been below average in southeastern South Sudan, and parts of southwestern and northeastern Ethiopia. In northeastern Uganda, rainfall has been erratically distributed and slightly below average, with crop prospects remaining poor following a long dry spell in May and early June.

• Based on short-term forecasts, heavy rainfall is expected to continue over the western Ethiopian highlands, Sudan, and South Sudan, which further increases the risk of flooding, particularly along the Gash River Basin in Ethiopia and eastern Sudan. Potential La Niña conditions by September could increase rainfall over northern parts of the region.

In Numbers

• 1.61 million internally displaced people (OCHA estimates)

• 751,397 South Sudanese refugees (UNHCR estimates)

• 169,418 people seeking shelter with the UN (UNMISS estimates)

• 4.8 million people in emergency or crisis level food insecurity

Highlights

• Inflation rate hits historic high of 661.3% year-on-year

• Airdrops out of Ethiopia commence, accelerating the pace of deliveries to Unity and Northern Bahr el Ghazal

• WFP crafts strategy that would mark a shift in operational trend, in light of the deteriorating situation

Security Update

• Increasing levels of criminality notwithstanding, a relative calm prevails over Juba. The situation in the rest of the country remains volatile. Clashes have been reported outside of Juba, Upper Nile, Jonglei, and Equatoria.
  International staffing levels in Juba continue to be limited to Programme Criticality 1 and 2; the rest are telecommuting from the region.

• The operating environment remains restrictive and unpredictable. On 18 August, an UNHAS helicopter which landed in Akobo (Jonglei) was held by local authorities. Following two hours of interrogation with two WFP national staff, the flight was released to Juba with all passengers on board.

Humanitarian Situation

• More than 79,000 refugees from South Sudan have crossed the border into Uganda since 01 July. There are now more refugees arriving using the Oraba border point than through the Elegu border point. This is in line with new arrivals now typically originating from Central Equatoria, where refugees reported fighting, as compared to previous weeks when new arrivals were mostly fleeing from Eastern Equatoria and Juba.

• WFP’s latest Market Price Monitoring Bulleting indicates that the July 2016 inflation rate reached a historic high of 661.3 percent year-on-year, more than double the 309.6 percent in June. This is due to a 778.6 percent rise in food and non-alcoholic drink costs following the recent renewed fighting in Juba.

• The hyperinflation is not likely to reverse soon given the current insecurity, geo-political and economic crises facing the country. A return to large-scale fighting would certainly worsen the deteriorated economy and heighten the food and nutrition insecurity.

• Given the rapid market deterioration, the current IPC projection of 4.8 million people in emergency or crisis levels of food insecurity may now be underestimated. A fresh IPC analysis is on-going from 16-21 August in Juba. A subsequent workshop will be held in Naivasha (Kenya) on 23-28 August for finalisation by the IPC Technical Working Group. Meanwhile, the Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring report, indicating 70% food insecure and 21% severely food insecure, has been circulated to stakeholders.

OVERVIEW

There has been widespread displacement of IDPs in Borno state since the beginning of 2014 as a result of Boko Haram insurgency in Northeastern Nigeria. Most IDPs have fled to nearby towns/centers that are protected by the Nigerian military. While ongoing violence and limited accessibility make data difficult to come by, there are an estimated 100,000 people in need in the Monguno Local Government Area (LGA), 63,000 of whom are IDPs residing in camps. As military pushes further north, additional IDPs arrive every day. Throughout Northeastern Nigeria IDPs have taken refuge in abandoned schools, housing estates, hospitals and other government institutions. In Monguno, IDPs are living in nine IDP camps as well as throughout the host community living in abandon structures, and in makeshift shelters.

This rapid assessment looked at four camps within Monguno’s Central Ward, Government Girls Secondary School (GGSS), Government Senior Science Secondary School (GSSSS), Central Primary School, and Government Day Secondary School (GDSS) which are all within Monguno town. During this rapid assessment IRC had intended to evaluate a fifth camp, Mune IDP camp, but it was reported to be occupied by the Military at the momentso access was not possible.

In GGSS Camp, the IDPs are living in abandoned buildings and make shift shelters that have been randomly constructed. In GSSSS, they live in the classrooms and dormitories and use the toilets within these buildings, as well as in makeshift shelters scattered around the school property. In Central Primary School the IDPs are living in the classrooms whereas in GDSS they are living in the class rooms and staff housing.

Highlights

 More than 50% of the 240 children identified as missing, separated, or unaccompanied since the start of the Juba crisis have been successfully reunited with their families.

 407 cholera cases have been treated at UNICEF-supported Oral Rehydration Points, with 100 cases referred to the Cholera Treatment Centre (CTC) for further treatment.

 Schools in UN House are operating normally; 3,016 children (46% girls) attended classes at Hope Primary School on 16 August. However, lack of space remains an issue in Tomping.

Humanitarian Overview

UNICEF’s Deputy Executive Director and Regional Director visited South Sudan between 16-18 August to explore how UNICEF and partners in South Sudan can be supported to better deliver for the most vulnerable children and women. The delegation visited Tomping Protection of Civilian site, met with government officials, and also travelled to Bentiu.

Cholera remains a major concern; as of 19 August, the total number of cholera cases that have been officially reported has increased to 1,207, with 23 deaths. Despite funding shortages, UNICEF also continues to work to provide gender-based violence and response services, as well as other child protection services.

Summary Analysis of Programme Response

CHOLERA RESPONSE: The cholera response continues. On 16 August alone, more than 350 households were visited by hygiene promotors in POC1 and 3. In addition, a total of 957 households covering 6,244 people were visited and reached with cholera prevention messages in Nyankuron, Munuki, Mahad, Lologo, Kor William, Kator, Gurei, and Gumbo. A total of 723 chlorine tablets, 576 water purification tablets, 309 soaps, and 1,732 oral rehydration salts (ORS) were distributed to most vulnerable families. Demonstrations on proper use of WASH supplies was made at household level. During the visits, household water treatment, handwashing with soap at critical times, food hygiene, safe disposal of excreta and environment cleanliness, ORS preparation, and case identification and appropriate action were discussed in detail.

As of 19 August, a total of 407 cases have been treated by UNICEF’s partner Health Link South Sudan at Oral Rehydration Points (ORPs), with 100 cases referred to the CTC for further treatment. On 18 August, 10 new cases were admitted to ORPs, with four referred to the CTC.

Within UN House, latrines are being cleaned and disinfected, while garbage and sewage is disposed of safely outside the POC. 240,000 litres of sewage was disposed of between 17-19 August alone. Foot spraying and hand washing with chlorinated water is ongoing in all entry and exit point of POC1 and POC3, as well as at the CTC and ORPs.

Kano, Nigeria | AFP | Sunday 8/21/2016 - 19:15 GMT

Boko Haram Islamists have killed 10 people and abducted 13 others in a raid on a village near the northeast Nigerian town of Chibok where the militants kidnapped over 200 schoolgirls in 2014, locals told AFP Sunday.

Armed jihadists on motorcycles invaded Kubrrivu at dawn on Saturday, firing on the residents as they were sleeping and looting and burning homes before fleeing into the bush with 13 women and children seized from the village.

"The Boko Haram attackers rode on four motorcycles, three on each, and opened fire on the village as residents slept," said Luka Damina, a resident of nearby Kautikeri village where Kubrrivu residents fled to safety following the attack.

"They burnt down the whole village after looting food supplies and livestock and taking away women and children," Damina said.

Ayuba Alamson, a community elder in Chibok, some 20 kilometres (12 miles) away, confirmed the attack, saying 13 people were abducted in the raid.

"After killing 10 people and burning the entire village, the gunmen made away with 13 people, including seven women, five boys and a girl," Alamson said.

In 2014 Kubrrivu was burnt down in a deadly Boko Haram raid which forced residents to flee. A year later they returned and rebuilt their homes after Nigerian troops recaptured swathes of territory from the Islamists in a series of military successes against them.

Boko Haram, which seeks to impose strict Islamic law in northern Nigeria, has been blamed for some 20,000 deaths and displacing more than 2.6 million people since 2009.

The audacious mass kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls from Chibok in April 2014 provoked global outrage and brought unprecedented attention to Boko Haram's brutal tactics.

A total of 218 girls are still missing.

abu/spb/mfp

© 1994-2016 Agence France-Presse

Les rélocalisations volontaires des réfugiés ont été relancées le 8 juillet 2016. Les raisons qui poussent les réfugiés à choisir de se rendre au camp de Sayam Forage sont principalement le sentiment constant d’insécurité et l’absence d’opportunité socioéconomiques.

Anna Patton

The country’s unusual open policy gives refugees land, education and a chance to work – but instability in neighbouring nations is putting pressure on resources

When they fled to Kampala from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in February 2008, Robert Hakiza’s family had food for two months. “The third month was a disaster,” he says. By May, though, his mother and two sisters were out making money. “My sister started selling necklaces,” he says. “At one point, she was keeping the entire family of eight.”

Read the story on the Guardian

JUBA, Aug. 21 (Xinhua) -- China has pledged 10 million U.S. dollars aid to help South Sudan respond to humanitarian needs.

Chinese Ambassador to South Sudan Ma Qiang told Xinhua late Saturday the funds will be used to purchase food and non-food items in an effort to immediately rescue lives of thousands in dire humanitarian condition.

Ma said people of South Sudan are at critical humanitarian assistance aggravated by the recent fighting that has forced nearly 1 million people to flee their country to seek refuge in the neighboring countries.

"I am going to meet the minister of humanitarian affairs to discuss other items that are urgently needed so that we can immediately provide to rescue those in dire need of assistance," Ma told Xinhua in Juba.

The current humanitarian situation was prompted by renewed fighting between forces loyal to President Salva Kiir and rebel leader Riek Machar and the mid December 2013 civil strife.

Ma said the immediate humanitarian assistance needed includes rice, shelters and medical drugs for maternal diseases and cholera, as well as other valuable medical equipment.

He stressed that at this critical time China is still committed to providing humanitarian assistance to those who are in need.

In 2016, humanitarian needs in South Sudan have continued to grow as a result of violence, displacement, hunger and disease.

Context Overview

Boko Haram-related violence has displaced more than 2.2 million people inside Nigeria, of whom 1.6 million are in Borno State alone. In Maiduguri, communities host 90 percent of internally displaced people (IDPs), placing a heavy strain on already poor resources and weakening the communities’ ability to meet their basic needs.The other 10 per cent of the IDPs in Maiduguri live in camps. Many families have been displaced several times while others have sought refuge in neighboring countries. Women and girls comprise more than 50 percent of the IDP population in Borno State, while girls and boys 550,000 people in urgent need of food assistance Photo: F. Megaloudi Nigeria - Borno State: Humanitarian Briefing Note five and under, and women and men over 60 years comprise 70 per cent of the total IDP population in the state.

The Boko Haram-related violence has affected the lives of an estimated 14.8 million people across the north-east. Women and girls kidnapped by Boko Haram are subjected to physical and psychological abuse, forced marriage, sexual slavery and forced labour. Boys are forcibly enrolled as combatants and young girls used as suicide bombers. Boko Haram has targeted health facilities and schools, forcing health care workers and teachers to flee.

In 2016, the Nigerian Armed Forces recaptured the main towns and many of the villages in the 27 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Borno State. This has helped to improve humanitarian access, in addition to revealing the vast extent of humanitarian needs amongst civilians in areas previously under the control of Boko Haram. As access continues to improve, new dimensions of suffering and, accordingly, needs are expected to come to light. Without a timely scale-up of life-saving humanitarian assistance in Borno, the humanitarian crisis will deteriorate further.

AMOUNT: EUR 170 024 365.84 2

The present Humanitarian Implementation Plan (HIP) was prepared on the basis of financing decision ECHO/WWD/BUD/2016/01000 (Worldwide Decision) and the related General Guidelines for Operational Priorities on Humanitarian Aid (Operational Priorities). The purpose of the HIP and its annex is to serve as a communication tool for ECHO's partners and to assist in the preparation of their proposals. The provisions of the Worldwide Decision and the General Conditions of the Agreement with the European Commission shall take precedence over the provisions in this document.

1. MAJOR CHANGES SINCE PREVIOUS VERSION OF THE HIP

Fourth modification as of 05/08/2016

a) In all four countries affected by Boko Haram violence (Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon), an increased field presence and some recent improvements in access have enabled the assessment of needs of populations in areas previously not accessed by humanitarian assistance. These assessments have revealed additional emergency situations, prompting key partners to scale up their response to address the massive humanitarian needs of the affected populations.

In addition to the great number of IDPs and refugee populations (IDPs estimated to be 2.6 million in the region, refugees over 176 000) who are highly dependent on humanitarian assistance, the host and local communities are also increasingly affected, impacting their coping capacity. Staple food prices are reported to have increased by an alarming 30 to 50% in the region due to the disruption of regional trade exchanges.

Special assistance to these affected local communities is therefore also urgently needed.
The areas affected by the Boko Haram violence are part of the Sahel belt and suffer from recurrent droughts and long lean seasons. The massive recent displacements have compounded the structural food insecurity and chronical under-nutrition known in these areas, leading to over 6.7 million people requiring emergency food assistance in the four countries.

An amount of EUR 10.5 million is added to this HIP to reinforce the humanitarian response to the consequences of the Boko Haram crisis in Nigeria and Niger.

In the last few months, the humanitarian consequences of the conflict between national armed forces and Boko Haram have intensified in North-East Nigeria and its neighbouring countries around Lake Chad, notably in Niger, resulting in new displacements and the further deterioration of the situation of affected populations, as well as in increased protection needs. Additional needs include NFI, shelter, food, health and nutrition.

KEY DRIVERS OF THE CRISIS

Recurring natural disasters such as droughts and floods combined with the volatility of markets, pushed many households and communities into chronic vulnerability.

Conflict in northern Nigeria and CAR has displaced refugees to Cameroon, and caused internal displacements. In addition, increasing insecurity in the far North of Cameroon and along the border of CAR hampers humanitarian access.

Poor coverage of sanitation and access to clean water remain the main causes of malnutrition and water-borne diseases.

(Abuja: 22 August, 2016): "I have just concluded my fifth visit to rural parts of Nigeria's north-east and for the second time was able to witness the situation in one of the most destroyed towns, Bama. I was last there in the first week of April and since then there has been progress. Again, I was honoured to be in Bama with His Excellency Governor Kashim Shettima with whom we marked World Humanitarian Day on Friday 19 August.

Most importantly, Bama is firmly under the control of the Nigerian authorities and felt more stable and safe to me than earlier this year. There are about 20,000 people in Bama and they are concentrated in the town's camp for displaced persons. Conditions there in April were poor but this time I saw considerable improvement. The Nigerian authorities have opened a school and are conducting classes. They have also opened a clinic and are attending to people who are sick. Aid agencies have stepped up their engagement. For example, the World Food Programme is providing rations for more than 15,000 people and the International Organization for Migration and the UN's Refugee Agency have supported families to build hundreds of all-weather shelters. I was particularly heartened to see young people of Bama, who had been displaced to Maidguri, returning to Bama to help the aid agencies with our work.

There is no question that much more needs to be done in Bama, and indeed in other key towns of Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states, and more broadly across the entire Lake Chad Basin. The scale of the crisis in the region is staggering: 9 million people need emergency relief; 4.5 million people are severely food insecure; 2.5 million people have been forced from their homes. I expect in the coming days and weeks more results from non-governmental organisations and UN agencies, such as UNICEF, as we are able to move along the roads and overnight in key towns. Of course, the re-emergence of polio in Borno is another blow to the people of the region and a challenge for the authorities and aid agencies, alike. Our stated purpose is to meet people's needs and I have no doubt that, together with an increasingly engaged donor community, much more good work must and can take place.

The key for sustainable peace, also, will be continued security and a greater engagement by the civilian authorities and development and environment organisations which together must address the root cause of the suffering: abject poverty. Re-establishing security in all towns and across the rural expanse is crucial to enable people to farm, tend to their livestock and trade. Building on people's will, energy and resilience is the best way of ensuring a safer and more prosperous future for the people of Nigeria and the neighbouring countries of Cameroon, Chad and Niger.”

For further information please contact
Orla Fagan, Public Information Officer, Abuja, Nigeria Email: fagano@un.org Tel. +2349038710095 Eve Sabbagh, Public Information Officer, Office of the Assistant-Secretary General and Regional Humanitarian Coordinator, Dakar, Senegal Email: sabbaghe@un.org Tel. + 221 77 569 96 54 @OCHANigeria reliefweb.int