I. INTRODUCTION

Le rapport sur les mouvements de populations au Mali publié le 03 mars 2016 par la Direction Nationale du Développement Social fait état de 52163 personnes déplacées internes, 42690 rapatriés et retournés, 143 321 réfugiés Maliens qui sont encore dans les pays limitrophes. Dans la région de Tombouctou particulièrement, l’on observe un mouvement continuel de retour des populations dans plusieurs communes dont il est nécessaire d’en faire le profilage humanitaire. A cette fin, IEDA Relief a collaboré et coordonné avec la Direction Régionale du Développement Social de Tombouctou, les Bureaux UNHCR et OIM pour réaliser une évaluation rapide de la situation humanitaire des retournés, rapatriés et PDI dans la Commune de Haribomo. Cette collaboration s’est faite sur (1°) le choix de la commune cible, (2°) les méthodes et les outils de collecte des données.

Le présent rapport rend compte de la situation spécifique des abris dans la commune de Haribomo, en marge d’un rapport exhaustif qui couvre tous les secteurs.

II. MÉTHODOLOGIE

Les informations contenues dans ce rapport ont été obtenues par une revue documentaire et par la collecte des données sur le terrain. Cette dernière s’est faite par :

• des entretiens guidés avec les informateurs clés (Maire, chefs traditionnels, élites, représentant locaux des ONG)
  
• des discussions avec des groupes cibles (Hommes d’une part et femmes d’autre part)
  
• l’observation directe.

11 parmi les 30 Villages et fractions de la commune ont été visités, nommément : Daka Fifo, Daka Aly, Sokitan, Férobé, Ahel Ahiodine, Daga Baïlo, Ahel Badi Lahba, Ifartatame, Kaye-Kayeu Tassawak, Ahel Loté Alwata, Ifogas Med Fagdoum. La sélection des 11 sites s’est faite en raison de leur accessibilité sécuritaire, plutôt que par application des méthodes classiques d’échantillonnage ; cependant, les questions et les réponses ont concerné l’ensemble de la Commune de Haribomo.

III. RÉSULTAT DE L’ÉVALUATION

1- Revue des données secondaires

Pour l’ensemble du Mali, le Plan de réponse stratégique 2014 – 2016 a établi à 566 970 le nombre de Personnes en besoin d’Abris et NFI, dont 281 370 ciblées pour les interventions d’urgence. Les hypothèses de planification se sont appuyées sur un scénario probable :

1e) de normalisation politique et restauration progressive de l’Autorité de l’État dans le Nord,

2e) d’accès humanitaire malgré la persistance d’une situation sécuritaire volatile, particulièrement au Nord et à certains postes frontaliers,

3e) d’accélération des mouvements de retour des populations vers le Nord et

4e) de persistance des vulnérabilités des populations.

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) is deeply concerned by the confirmation of two wild polio cases reported in Borno State, Nigeria. Despite significant progress against the virus in Nigeria and the entire continent of Africa, these cases further demonstrate that governments, partners and the GPEI must work together and redouble efforts to stop polio for good – in Nigeria, neighbouring countries and around the world. The overriding priority now is to give full support to local authorities to ensure this outbreak does not affect any further children.

The new cases of wild polio were confirmed on the day that otherwise would have marked the African continent reaching two years without a case of wild polio, and underscore the risk of surveillance gaps and the importance of reaching every child, especially those in hard to reach areas.

Globally this year, we have so far seen fewer cases of the virus than ever before. These new cases in Nigeria are a setback but provide further reason why the international community – from local to global leaders – must continue to politically and financially support the polio eradication campaign through to the end. With every new child that is paralysed, our resolve to eradicate this disease must double.
There is no reason why polio should persist, and all efforts must be made to reach and vaccinate every single child everywhere.

The Government of Nigeria has made – and continues to make – tremendous efforts to reach all children with polio vaccine. Plans are already in place to start a multi-campaign emergency outbreak response in the immediately affected area over the coming days, and the GPEI partners stand ready to support the Government of Nigeria in its efforts. Further multi-country campaigns will follow, including in neighbouring countries, particularly Chad, northern Cameroon, southern Niger and the Central African Republic. Plans are also being intensified to strengthen surveillance across the region, which will be essential to stopping the outbreak and protecting children from paralysis. The polio programme is prepared to respond to new cases and has successfully stopped previous outbreaks, including most recently in the Middle East and Horn of Africa.

Significant global progress against polio demonstrates that the resources, political will, technical and scientific know-how, and infrastructure for eradication are in place. Efforts to stop the virus have resulted in major successes in recent years, including the largest vaccine rollout in history, stopping transmission of the virus in India and across the Southeast Asia region and likely eliminating two of the three strains of wild polio. Eradicating polio will be one of the greatest public health achievements in history and ensure that every child is able to live a polio-free life. The GPEI remains fully committed to ending polio in Nigeria, Africa and across the world.

By Geoffrey Njoku

Last week, two cases of wild poliovirus were found in conflict-affected areas of north-east Nigeria – the first cases in two years. An emergency immunization campaign is now being carried out reach five million children in Borno and three surrounding states.

MAIDUGURI, Nigeria, 17 August 2016 – Six-month-old Ajeda received her first dose of polio vaccine today at a camp for displaced persons outside Maiduguri city, north-east Nigeria.

Ajeda was born in captivity and has never been immunized. “I gave birth when our village was occupied by Boko Haram. No vaccinators ever came to us,” said Ajeda’s mother, Fatari.

Fatari brought her child for the polio drops after volunteer community mobilizers alerted her about the vaccination campaign in the camp, where she has lived for two months.

“I am prepared to do anything to keep my children safe,” she said. All of her five children are now immunized against polio.

After two cases of wild poliovirus were found in conflict-affected areas last week – the first cases in two years – an emergency immunization campaign is being carried out to reach one million children under five years of age in Borno State. Over the next few months, large-scale polio vaccination drives in three adjoining states will bring that number to five million children.

The drives will be synchronized with polio immunizations for children across the Lake Chad region, an area that comprises parts of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Chad.

Thousands of volunteer community mobilizers will educate families on the importance of immunization and inform them on when and where to have their children vaccinated.

“These people are coming from communities that have not been reached in three years due to the conflict in the north-east,” said Mohammed Ibrahim, UNICEF Programme Officer for immunization in Borno State. “The crowded conditions in the camps make diseases spread faster, and this puts children at higher risk of polio infection,” he said.

Muna Garage camp for internally displaced persons, where little Ajeda received her first dose of the polio vaccine, is home to an estimated 20,000 people.

Eighteen teams of vaccinators are now working in the camp to ensure all of the 5,000 children under five are immunized.

The polio vaccination campaign is led by the Ministry of Health in Nigeria, with support from the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF and partners of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.

UNICEF is a partner of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, together with WHO, Rotary International, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. UNICEF supports community engagement and vaccine management and procurement.

Kano, Nigeria | AFP | Wednesday 8/17/2016 - 21:47 GMT

Boko Haram killed five traders in an ambush on a highway in northeast Nigeria that was recently reopened after coming under repeated attack from the Islamist group, a military source said Wednesday.

A convoy of vehicles carrying Nigerian immigration officials and a group of traders were travelling from Gamboru, on the border with Cameroon, to the city of Maiduguri when they came under fire on Monday.

"Three (immigration) officers were hit and injured in the fire exchange. The immigration men drove off towards Maiduguri, leaving the traders behind," an army officer told AFP on condition of anonymity.

The five traders had joined the official convoy thinking it would be a safer way to reach the Borno state capital than travelling the notorious road alone.

The traders' two trucks were looted and set alight, Gamboru resident Umar Ari told AFP by phone, also confirming the toll of five dead.

The Gamboru to Maiduguri highway is a strategic 140-kilometre (87-mile) trade route in the region, and provides an important link with neighbouring Cameroon.

The highway was closed for safety reasons at the height of the Boko Haram unrest some two years ago, but was reopened by the Nigerian authorities following a string of successes against the militants.

"Since the Maiduguri-Gamboru highway was reopened two months ago convoys of trucks carrying goods and other vehicles conveying traders have been coming to Gamboru under military escort without any incident," said resident Ari.

Boko Haram, which seeks to impose strict Islamic law in northern Nigeria, has been blamed for some 20,000 deaths and displacing more than 2.6 million people since 2009.

A counter-offensive spearheaded by Nigeria since January last year has recaptured swathes of territory lost to the Islamist militants in 2014.

But sporadic attacks continue and security remains a major concern in the region.

abu-spb/mfp/as

© 1994-2016 Agence France-Presse

Emergency (IPC Phase 4) persists as the lean season peaks

Key Messages

• Food security has significantly deteriorated in Northern Bahr el Ghazal State, a cereal deficit area where most households are market-dependent. Market supplies are severely limited, contributing to extremely high staple food prices. Since January 2016, over 77,000 people have migrated to Sudan, the majority from Aweil East and Aweil North due to food shortages. A rapid food security assessment found that a small number of households have exhausted their coping strategies, are experiencing an extreme lack of food, and are likely in Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5).

• Poor households in parts of Unity, Upper Nile, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, and Western Bahr el Ghazal States are in Emergency (IPC Phase 4) and face an increased risk of high levels of acute malnutrition and elevated mortality. Significant food shortages exist and market functioning remains disrupted. Food availability and access have declined significantly below what is normal for a lean season.

• Recent conflict in Wau has disrupted livelihood activities and displaced over 60,000 people. Many displaced were forced to flee without their belongings and are likely facing extreme difficulty meeting their basic food needs. The conflict is also disrupting trade routes that pass through Wau, further reducing trade flows to Greater Bahr el Ghazal.

National Overview

Current Situation

In April 2016, the Transitional Government of National Unity (TGoNU) was formed, eight months after the peace agreement was signed in August 2015. Since its formation, conflict has subsided considerably in most of Greater Upper Nile (GUN). No major clash between the Government of South Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Army in Opposition (SPLA-IO) has been reported in Jonglei, Upper Nile, or Unity States in May or June. The relative calm has improved humanitarian access and supported slight improvements in trade flows to the region. However, increased levels of conflict have since been reported in Western Equatoria State, where insecurity along major trade routes is limiting trade flows to Greater Bahr el Ghazal. Additionally, fighting has significantly increased in Wau of Western Bahr el Ghazal State. Clashes that began on June 24 have interrupted livelihood activities and displaced households. An estimated 27,000 people have been displaced within Wau town to a Catholic Church and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). An additional 35,000-50,000 people are believed to be displaced in the Greater Baggari area. The displaced were forced to flee without their belongings and likely lack adequate access to food or water. The conflict is also disrupting Wau market, impacting trade flows to Greater Bahr el Ghazal.

Since the conflict started in December 2013, about 1.61 million people have been internally displaced and over 721,000 have fled to neighboring countries. Relative improvements in security have encouraged some movement back to places of origin; however, food shortages and deteriorating macroeconomic conditions have also prompted movement towards Protection of Civilian (PoC) sites within Unity State and to Sudan from Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Warrap States.

Macroeconomic conditions in South Sudan remain very poor. The South Sudanese Government relies predominantly on revenue from oil production, but the reduced extraction of oil and low global oil prices have cut oil earnings and, consequently, the availability of foreign currency. The country currently exports approximately 160,000 barrels a day, down from 350,000 pre-crisis. There has been a slight increase in oil revenue as the global oil price rose from 31 USD per barrel in early 2016 to 48.74 USD per barrel in late-June. However, total revenue from oil exports remains low, in part because South Sudan pays Sudan 24.50 USD per barrel in transit and financial agreement fees according to the terms of agreement between the two countries. In May, South Sudan and Sudan renewed their commitment to implement the Cooperation Agreement, previously signed in September 2012. This is a preliminary step towards improving trade and relations between the two countries, although no changes to the transit and financial agreement fees have been made.

As of June 14, the official exchange rate was 36.5 SSP/USD, whereas the rate on the unofficial market was 43.0 SSP/USD. This represents 91 percent depreciation of South Sudan’s currency on the official market and 83 percent depreciation on the unofficial market since the Government implemented a floating exchange rate policy in December 2015.

FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT

• Early crop prospects uncertain due to rainfall deficits in parts of the country
• Improved food security situation anticipated in marketing year 2015/16 (November/October)

Crop prospects improved, reflecting increased rains in July

Following irregular and insufficient rains in most parts of the country at the beginning of the cropping season, precipitation increased significantly in July over the main producing areas, thus reconstituting soil water reserves and improving crop prospects. Satellite imagery for early August indicated that crops continued to benefit from good rains. However, as plantings were delayed and replanting carried out in several regions, crops and pastures will need rains late in the season to cover their entire growing cycle.

In 2015, favourable weather conditions and enhanced Government support to the agricultural sector contributed to a significant increase in cereal production. Official estimates put the 2015 aggregate cereal production at about 2.15 million tonnes, 72 percent above the previous year’s output and 56 percent above average. Production of millet, the most important staple crop, increased by 83 percent, while production of groundnuts, increased by 68 percent compared to the 2014 output. The good precipitation levels also improved pasture conditions throughout the country.

A reduced crop was gathered in 2014 due to irregular rains throughout the cropping season. The aggregate 2014 cereal production was estimated at about 1.2 million tonnes, similar to the previous year’s harvest, but a 9 percent drop relative to the five‑year average. Moreover, the erratic rains caused the depletion of grazing resources and lowered water points’ level in the major pastoral areas of the country.

Food security improved significantly since September 2015

A large segment of the Senegalese population relies on traditional agriculture and livestock related activities to maintain their livelihoods, and, therefore, remain in a state of chronic vulnerability due to unpredictable seasonal rains and climatic conditions. Moreover, the high import dependency rate for food exposes the population to fluctuations of the global market.

The bumper harvest gathered in 2015 has significantly improved the fragile food security situation. According to the last “Cadre Harmonisé” analysis conducted in the country, about 37 500 people were estimated to be in Phase 3: “Crisis” and above between October and December 2015, compared to over 1 million during June‑August 2015.

FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT

• Early crop prospects favourable
• Humanitarian assistance continues to be needed

Growing conditions remain mostly favourable

Prospects for the 2016 cereal crops, to be harvested from September, are favourable in most regions following regular and widespread precipitation since the beginning of the season in July/August. Millet, sorghum and upland rice crops are developing satisfactorily, while transplanting of swamp rice is underway.

The 2015 aggregate cereal production was estimated at about 239 000 tonnes, 37 percent higher than the 2014 harvest and 9 percent above the five‑year average. Production of groundnuts, the main cash crop, is estimated to have increased by about 13 percent compared to the previous year’s crop. In 2014, growing conditions for cereal crops and pastures were poor in several parts of the country, mostly in central and western regions, due to irregular rains at the beginning of the cropping season in May/June, which delayed plantings, and subsequent erratic precipitation in July and August. As a result, aggregate 2014 cereal production was estimated to have declined by about 21 percent to 174 000 tonnes compared to the average.

Access to food constrained by high prices of imported food commodities

The Gambia, in a normal year, relies on imports for nearly half of its cereal consumption requirements (mostly rice and wheat) and domestic cereal prices are strongly affected by world prices and the exchange rate of the Dalasi (GMD), the national currency. The Dalasi has depreciated significantly over the past few years, which has put an upward pressure on domestic prices of imported food commodities. As a result, access to food continues to be difficult for several segments of the population.

Continued assistance still needed, especially for vulnerable people

The combined effects of the recent Sahel food crises, localized heavy flooding in 2012 and 2013, and drought in 2014, have eroded vulnerable households’ coping mechanisms and resulted in protracted food insecurity in pockets of the country and persisting acute malnutrition.

About 60 726 people were estimated to be in Phase 3: “Crisis” and above, according to the last “Cadre Harmonisé” analysis conducted in the country. Child malnutrition is also a cause of concern. Chronic malnutrition ranges between 13.9 and 30.7 percent with the North Bank Region and the Central River Region surpassing the ’critical’ threshold of 30 percent.

FOOD SECURITY SNAPSHOT

• Concerns over performance of 2016 cropping season in Far North Region due to civil insecurity
• Prices of cereals at low levels except in northern regions
• Food security situation sharply deteriorated in 2015 and 2016 due to massive refugee influx and internal displacements

Concerns over 2016 cropping season in Far North Region, strong livelihood support required

Harvesting of the main 2016 season maize crop started in July in the bi‑modal centre and south. Satellite‑based information and analysis indicate that crop growing conditions from March to the third dekad of May 2016 (see Map 1) have been generally favourable in the most regions, following well‑distributed rainfall. However, below average rainfall in July in southern parts (see Map 2) had a negative impact on long cycle crops. Rainfall amounts and distribution in the coming weeks will be crucial for long cycle crop development and performance.

By contrast, in the uni‑modal north, the outlook for sorghum and millet crops, expected to be harvested from October, is uncertain despite favourable weather conditions (see Map 3). In the Far North Region, agricultural operations continue to be severely affected by civil unrest which spread from neighbouring Nigeria in late 2014 and resulted in displacement of people, caused input shortages and depleted households’ productive assets that were already inadequate, due to recurrent climatic shocks which have eroded the resilience capacity of a large number of households. As a result, a reduced agricultural output for the second consecutive year is likely and a timely and effective support to the agricultural sector is required to mitigate the extent of the impact of the protracted and widespread insecurity on the agricultural sector.

FAO is appealing for USD 3.4 million to support vulnerable households affected by the Boko Haram insurgency and the households affected by natural disasters with improved seeds, tools and fertilizers.

Prices of cereals at low levels except in northern regions

As of June 2016, year‑on‑year food inflation was 2.1 percent, slightly higher than the general inflation, which stood at 1.6 percent. Food inflation was mostly driven by increasing prices of fruits and vegetables: the year‑on‑year inflation rate for fruits was 10.5 percent, while that of vegetables was 7 percent. The inflation rate for bread and cereals stood at about zero. Year‑on‑year, prices of maize declined by 9 percent; by contrast, prices of millet increased by 11 percent due to a low 2015 output compounded by market disruptions, caused by widespread insecurity in northern regions, where the cereal is predominantly grown. In these areas, reduced cross‑border trade flows towards neighbouring countries prevented millet prices to further increase.

Prices of maize (see Chart 1), the most consumed cereal, moderately increased in some markets following seasonal patterns between January and May 2016, subsequently levelling off or slightly declining in June in anticipation of the main season harvest. Prices in June were below or around their levels of a year earlier largely reflecting the adequate availabilities from the average 2015 cereal production.

Prices of wheat and rice (see Chart 2), mostly sourced from the international market and mainly consumed in the urban areas, were stable in the first semester of 2016 in Douala, the largest urban centre and the main entry port for imports. By contrast, in the capital, Yaoundé, prices of wheat and rice recorded some volatility. Overall, prices of wheat and rice in June in both urban centres were around their levels of the same month of the previous year.

Food security situation sharply deteriorated in 2015 and early 2016 due to refugee influx and internal displacements

Local resources in northern and eastern regions have been put under added strain by the arrival of large numbers of refugees from neighbouring Nigeria and Central African Republic (CAR).

As of June 2016, the number of refugees from CAR who sought refuge in North, East and Adamaoua regions after a surge in sectarian violence in December 2013, was estimated at about 158 000. Taking into account the refugees who had entered the country in earlier waves since 2004 to escape rebel groups and bandits, the total number of refugees from CAR residing in Cameroon is currently put at about 274 000.

Refugees from Nigeria, who entered the Far North Region following the serious deterioration of the security situation in Borno State in June 2013, were estimated at about 65 000 in early August 2016. So far 4 063 new arrivals were recorded in 2016. In addition, civil unrest spread from Nigeria into the region and caused the displacement of 157 000 Cameroonians, while 33 000 individuals are currently displaced following floods in recent years.

As a result of these multiple shocks and of natural hazards (in northern areas, food production in 2015 was also negatively affected by drought), the overall food security situation has sharply deteriorated in 2015 and 2016. The number of food insecure people was estimated in February 2016 at 2.4 million (see Chart 3), more than twice the level of June 2015. Around 203 000 people are in severe food insecurity (IPC Phase 3 or 4). Child malnutrition is also concerning: an estimated 61 000 children under the age of five in Cameroon are expected to suffer from life threatening Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in 2016, as a result of the ongoing crisis. The area most affected by food insecurity is the Far North Region, according to an Emergency Food Security Assessment conducted in September last year, where 35 percent of the population is food insecure, of which 5 percent is severely food insecure. In this region, the area where the food security situation is most concerning is the northernmost Logone‑et‑Chari department, where about 58 percent of the total population has been affected by the crisis, and 19 percent has been displaced. Here, due to erratic weather conditions and widespread insecurity which severely constrained access to land, crop production in 2015 was 32.4 percent lower than the previous year, with an estimated uncovered cereal deficit of 75 844 tonnes. Local crop production was estimated to be sufficient for the coverage of just five months of consumption, with an ensuing early start of the lean season. As a result, according to a multi agency Multi Sector Rapid Evaluation conducted in the department in June 2016, one in three people suffers from food insecurity, for a total caseload of 220 000 individuals, and the food consumption score was poor or borderline for 38 percent of the households.

GENEVA / ABUJA (18 August 2016) – United Nations Special Rapporteur Chaloka Beyani will carry out his first official visit to Nigeria from 23 to 26 August to examine the situation and human rights of internally displaced persons in the country.

“The challenges confronting Nigeria and its government are considerable and cannot be overstated,” Mr. Beyani said. “The Northeastern part of the country has witnessed an unprecedented increase in violence and the escalation of attacks by Boko Haram since 2009, which has forced the displacement of more than two million people from their homes and triggered a humanitarian crisis.”

“I will gather information on situations of internal displacement including both new and protracted displacement,” said the human rights expert, who will also examine the legal, policy and institutional frameworks in place for prevention of displacement, protection and assistance for internally displaced persons, and recovery.

During his four-day visit, Mr. Beyani will travel to Abuja and consult with the Government as well as a wide range of other national and international partners, with a view to examining the ongoing responses and challenges, and assisting them to meet their obligations towards internally displaced persons and to support durable solutions for them.

The Special Rapporteur will visit camps for internally displaced persons in Maiduguri, Borno State, which is the epicenter of the displacement crisis, and hear from IDPs and representatives of host communities first-hand to learn about their needs, challenges and expectations.

At the end of his visit, on Friday 26 August 2016, the expert will share his preliminary observations with the media at a press conference which will be held at the Transcorp Hilton Abuja Hotel. Access to the press conference is strictly limited to journalists.

The Special Rapporteur will subsequently produce a comprehensive report and recommendations based on his visit for presentation to the Human Rights Council in June 2017.

Mr. Chaloka Beyani (Zambia) was appointed Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons by the Human Rights Council in September 2010. The Special Rapporteurs are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the Council’s independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures’ experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity. Learn more, log on to: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IDPersons/Pages/IDPersonsIndex.aspx

Check the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IDPersons/Pages/Standards.aspx

UN Human Rights, country page – Nigeria: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/MZIndex.aspx

For more information and media requests, please contact: In Abuja (during the visit): Lucky Musonda (lucky.musonda@one.un.org) In Geneva (before and after the visit): Graham Fox (+41 22 917 9640 / gfox@ohchr.org) or write to idp@ohchr.org

For media inquiries related to other UN independent experts: Xabier Celaya – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org)

For your news websites and social media: Multimedia content & key messages relating to our news releases are available on UN Human Rights social media channels, listed below. Please tag us using the proper handles:

Twitter: @UNHumanRights
Facebook: unitednationshumanrights
Instagram: unitednationshumanrights
Google+: unitednationshumanrights
Youtube: unohchr

Market Highlights

• The South Sudan July 2016 inflation rate reached a historic high of 661.3 percent year-on-year, more than double the 309.6 percent in June, due to a 778.6 percent rise in food and non-alcoholic drink costs following the recent renewed fighting in Juba. Prices rose 77.7 percent month-on-month in July surpassing the hyperinflation threshold1.

• The South Sudanese Pound plummeted further in the aftermath of renewed fighting with the street exchange rate in the capital going for between 60-65SSP/US$ down from 48SSP/US$ in June. The SSP has since dropped further and was exchanging at SSP 67/US$ in the first week of August in the black market in Juba.

• Fuel shortage, renewed fighting and insecurity, seasonality in addition to the SSP devaluation and dollar scarcity continued to drive up food prices despite early harvests in parts of the bi-modal cropping areas. Accordingly, cereal prices went up sharply in many areas compared to June, rising by as much as in 53-55% in Torit and Aweil, 135-144% in Kapoeta and Juba and 488% in Yida. Shortage of maize grain was reported in Bor, Bunj, Malakal, Bentiu, Agok and Wunrock. Generally food prices remained significantly elevated when compared to the same period last year and the five year average in most markets.

• Looking forward, the hyperinflation at its highest peak ever in July 2016, is not likely to reverse soon given the current insecurity, geo-political and economic crises facing South Sudan. However, localized price stability is expected in in August-September as early sorghum and maize harvesting start in the surplus producing zones of Equatoria, Lakes, Unity and Jongle. Food availability is expected to improve during the main harvest in November-December in most of the country including parts of Warrap, Northern Bhar el Ghazal and Upper Nile.

• While the prevailing relative calm in Juba is commendable, the situation in the country remains volatile and the prospects of violence escalating beyond localized armed clashes in Equatoria, Wau, parts of Unity remain unpredictable. If the current ceasefire completely collapse and there is return to large-scale fighting, this would worsen off the already deteriorating economy and heighten the food and nutrition insecurity.

Regional mixed migration summary for June 2016 covering mixed migration events, incidents, trends and data for the West Africa region (in particular Niger, Mali, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Senegal and Liberia).

In this report the term migrant/refugee is used to cover all those involved in the mixed migration flows (including asylum seekers, trafficked persons, economic migrants, refugees). If the caseload mentioned refers only to refugees or asylum seekers or trafficked persons it will be clearly stated.

Movements towards Europe In June, 16,775 migrants and refugees from West Africa arrived in Italy using the Central Mediterranean Route, including 6,196 Nigerians, 2,289 Guineans, 2,088 Ivoirians, 1,908 Gambians, 1,482 Senegalese, 1,416 Malians, and 884 Ghanaians. A total of 70,222 migrants and refugees arrived in Italy via the Central Mediterranean Route between January and June 2016. Migrants and refugees from West Africa made up 54% of these movements in the first half of 2016 compared with 29% during the same period in 2015.

Crisis overview

Newly accessible areas of Borno and Yobe states and areas with active military operations face severely limited access to food. Levels of malnutrition are critical and populations face a substantially increased risk of mortality. These areas are classified as Emergency (IPC Phase 4). Outcomes are likely worse in conflict affected areas that are inaccessible to humanitarians. Information from these areas is limited but raises the possibility that Famine (IPC Phase 5) is occurring (FEWSNET 13/08/2016). The crude mortality rate (CMR) has surpassed the threshold of 2/10,000/day – used when classifying Famine (IPC Phase 5) – in several areas since June (FEWSNET 13/08/2016). 800,000 people are in urgent need of food support in Yobe and Borno (OCHA 24/06/2016).
As of July, 500,000 people displaced or cut off in enclaves in Borno are in urgent need of food, medical care, drinking water and shelter. 244,000 children in Borno are severely malnourished. One in five of them will die if they receive no treatment (OCHA 15/08/2016)

Key findings

Anticipated scope and scale: Extreme malnutrition and food insecurity have been reported in pockets of Borno and Yobe states. Most affected areas in Borno are near the Sambisa forest, including Bama, Damboa, Monguno, and Gwoza Local Government Areas (LGAs), and parts of Kaga and Konduga in eastern Borno. Additional areas of concern include greater Maiduguri and southern Yobe state.

Priorities for humanitarian intervention Food: Famine (IPC Phase 5) is likely to be occurring in the worst affected and less accessible pockets of Borno state.
Nutrition: A large number of SAM cases have been reported in pockets of Borno and Yobe states.
Health: An unknown number of cases of measles, malaria, diarrhoea, and vomiting have been reported across Borno. Two new polio cases were reported in northern Borno.
WASH: In IDP camps and in newly accessible areas, access to safe drinking water is limited and sanitation is poor.
Protection: The blurring of the lines between civilian and insurgent, and between humanitarian intervention and security surveillance, allows for abuse of IDPs and host communities to go unreported.

Humanitarian constraints

• Northern Borno: Abadam, Mobbar, and parts of Bama, Dikwa, Guzamala, Gubio, Kala/Balge, Kukawa, Mafa, Marte, Ngala, and Nganzai LGAs remain largely inaccessible.

• BH attacks and battles between the military and BH are causing insecurity and disrupting aid convoys. Military escort is imposed for humanitarian actors seeking to reach certain areas. A UN convoy was attacked in late July near Bama.

• Theft and looting of aid from the military have been reported. Soldiers are frequently tasked with relief distribution, particularly in remote areas where conflict is ongoing, and they are restricting food distribution in these areas.

Limitations

No information is available for inaccessible areas in the north of Borno. Only limited information regarding sectoral needs is available for large parts of Borno and Yobe states.

Résumé des mouvements migratoires mixtes pour le mois de juin 2016 recouvrant les derniers événements et les dernières informations concernant l’Afrique de l’Ouest (en particulier le Niger, le Mali, le Nigeria, le Burkina Faso, la Côte d’Ivoire, la Guinée, le Sénégal et le Liberia).

Dans le cadre de ce résumé l’expression « migrants et réfugiés » est utilisée pour faire référence à toutes les personnes qui se déplacent dans le cadre de mouvements migratoires mixtes (y compris les demandeurs d’asile et réfugiés, les victimes de la traite, les personnes faisant l’objet de trafic, les migrants économiques). Référence sera faite à certaines catégories de personnes de manière plus spécifique le cas échéant.

• Following the confirmation of a new outbreak of wild polio virus in northeastern Nigeria, the Government of Niger has announced an emergency vaccination campaign in the regions of Diffa, Zinder and Maradi that are neighbouring Nigeria. New cases of polio had been identified in Nigeria in areas affected by Boko Haram violence.

• The vaccination campaign will be launched on 19 August. It will complement the routine national campaign in order the address the specific risk of outbreak resulting directly from the current conflict in the Lake Chad region. In the first round, 213 935 children under five will be targeted in Diffa and 1 287 714 children in the Zinder region. A second round is planned for September 2016 in the same two regions as well as in Maradi. A third round will be conducted in October.

Dates : du 25 juillet 2016 au 2 août 2016

Régions :

• Logone Oriental : Moundou

• Logone Occidental : Goré, Doba, Mbaïbokoum

• Mandoul : Koumra, Moïssala

• Moyen Chari : Sarh, Maïgama

Participants :

• Membres de la coordination du Cluster Education au niveau national o Ye Ra Kim (Coordinatrice du Cluster Education) o Minawir Macki (Gestionnaire de l’information du Cluster Education) o Abdoulaye Seid (Co-lead du Cluster Education du Ministère de l’Education Nationale)

• Coordinateurs des sous-clusters éducation

o Alexide Ngallague Kassamba (Coordinatrice du sous-cluster éducation dans le Logone Oriental et le Logone Occidental)

o Valery Ngarko (Coordinateur du sous-cluster éducation dans le Mandoul et le Moyen Chari)

Contexte et justifications de la mission

La crise qu’a vécue la République Centrafricaine (RCA) a provoqué le déplacement des centaines de milliers de personnes fuyant les conflits pour se réfugier dans les pays voisins, notamment au Tchad. Le conflit et le déplacement ont eu des conséquences néfastes sur l’éducation des enfants (refugiés, retournées et même population hôte). Les régions du Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Moyen Chari et du Mandoul sont les plus affectées par ces mouvements de population.

Les récentes résurgences des violences dans le nord-ouest de la RCA ont encore provoqué un déplacement de plus de 5.000 personnes majoritairement composées des femmes et des enfants vers des villes frontalières tchadiennes telles que Sourou,
Mini et Mbitoye. Ces mouvements ont suscité un besoin supplémentaire d’un appui urgent aux enfants en âge scolarisable faisant une forte pression sur les écoles existantes des communautés hôtes d’accueillir un nombre d’enfants supplémentaire qui dépasse leur capacité d’accueil.

Avec l’approche de la prochaine rentrée scolaire 2016-2017 prévue pour le mois de septembre, il est important d’avoir d’ores et déjà un aperçu clair sur la situation actuelle de l’éducation dans ces zones,d’ identifier les plus grands besoins et de mettre en œuvre des activités qui pourraient agrandir l’accès à l’éducation de tous les enfants affectés par la crise et assurer le maintien dans le système de ceux qui sont déjà scolarisés depuis le début de la crise.

Cette mission conjointe du Cluster Education permettrait de visiter des sites de déplacement et d’organiser des rencontres avec les acteurs humanitaires intervenant sur le terrain, les parents d’élèves, et les autorités locales éducatives qui sont mieux informés de la situation de terrain. En même temps, vu l’importance d’une bonne coordination des activités en éducation au niveau des sous-clusters sous le leadership du MEN au niveau déconcentré et des bureaux de zone UNICEF, la mission fournira également l’occasion de renforcer les capacités des personnes impliquées dans la coordination des activités des sous-clusters éducation.

Basées sur les observations pendant la mission, des actions concrètes et coordonnées seront mises en œuvre à travers le partage de l’information et l’opérationnalisation des acteurs en éducation.

Abuja, 18 August 2016 - The Honourable Minister of Health, Professor Isaac Adewole has declared the recent polio outbreak as a national public health emergency following the report of two (2) wild polio virus (WPV) cases in Gwoza and Jere local government areas (LGAs) of Borno state last week after two (2) years without a single case.

The Minister who made the declaration at a press briefing in Abuja on 17 August, 2016, also approved the revised WPV outbreak response (OBR) plan by the National Primary Healthcare Development Agency and partners to include an immediate response in Borno, three (3) sub-national vaccination campaigns which will be synchronized with neighboring regions in Cameroun, Chad and Niger. The scope of these campaigns is largely dependent on vaccine availability.

For the sub-national campaigns, 31,540,054 children will be targeted for vaccination each round with oral polio vaccines (OPV) across 18 states in the North East, North West and North Central zones of the country. For the nationwide response, 56,363,618 children have been earmarked to be reached separately in October and November, 2016. The revised plan was informed by factors including WPV transmission patterns, routine immunization coverage and availability of polio vaccines on the international market.

Professor Adewole explained that “the justification for the expansion of the initial schedule includes the fact that, given previous history of exportation to other countries and the suboptimal routine immunization coverage in several countries in the African region, the response requires that adequate protection is provided to eligible children at risk of infection throughout the sub-region”.

For Nigeria, while the timely response in the LGAs and environs is critical, the country needs to be proactive to ensure all eligible children are vaccinated within the shortest time feasible so as to limit the spread of the virus beyond the affected areas and borders of the country.

The case reported in Jere LGA is from a child who had arrived with her parents at an internally displaced persons (IDPs) camp - Muna camp (Jere LGA) after two days travelling on foot from Marte LGA which is currently completely inaccessible due to insecurity. The second case was detected in Gwoza LGA. Both LGAs have had their health facilities destroyed by insurgency with health services provision disrupted. The two (2) cases have now been linked to polio cases detected in Bama LGA of Borno state in 2011.

The Minister therefore disclosed that “we are working closely with the Ministry of Defense to provide security for the health workers who will be providing polio immunization depending on timely security information and military escorts that will facilitate hit-and-run activities for the partially accessible areas”.

He stated that plans are underway to reinforce and intensify immunization of intending pilgrims to Saudi Arabia. To this end, adequate supplies of vaccines have been provided at different International Port Health locations and airports. This is consistent with the International Health Regulations.

Any confirmed case of WPV in any country is considered a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.

Mindful of malnutrition amongst recently liberated populations, the OBR will be integrated to provide nutritional support alongside OPV to the targeted children.

In conclusion, the Minister appealed to the journalists to assist government in creating awareness, mobilizing acceptance and restoring confidence of the populace in the health system to stop polio transmission in the shortest possible time.

Fore more information, please contact:

Technical contact:

Dr Fiona Braka; Tel: +234 703 170 5252; Email: brakaf@who.int Media contact:

Ms Charity Warigon; Tel: +234 810 221 0093; Email: warigonc@who.int