Quantcast
Channel: ReliefWeb Updates
Viewing all 14548 articles
Browse latest View live

Cameroon: Rapport de mission exploratoire ALIMA, Cameroun 06 2016

0
0
Source: ALIMA
Country: Cameroon, Nigeria

1. Contexte global : situation humanitaire, sécuritaire et épidémiologique

1.1 Situation humanitaire

Le district sanitaire de Koza couvre les deux arrondissements du département de Mayo Tshanaga, à savoir l’arrondissement de Koza et celui du Mayo Moskota. La population est estimée à 186 948 habitants et le district compte 18 centres de santé (15 fonctionnels et 3 non fonctionnels + un hôpital de district) et 2 CMA (Centre Médical d’Arrondissement). Il borde les monts Mandara sur la frontière avec le Nigeria, il se trouve entre le district sanitaire de Mokolo (ALIMA) au Sud et Kolofata au Nord avec le Nigeria a l’Ouest et les districts sanitaires de Mora (MSF-OCG) et Tokombere à l’Ouest (ACF).

La zone de Koza est l’une des zones – de par sa proximité avec la zone de Kolofata et la frontière du Nigeria (se situant plus au nord de Mokolo) – les plus exposée avec une population quelque peu enclavée (chaine de montagne avant d’arriver à la quasi plaine de Koza) et des besoins humanitaires pressants. Selon les données de l’OIM, le district compte 22 426 d’IDP dont 8513 sur Koza et 5165 sur Mozogo où nous avons constaté un site spontané des IDP qui sont arrivés l’année passée contribuant à l’augmentation des besoins humanitaire dans l’extrême nord (voir les TDR de l’explo pour de subsidiaires informations). La situation sécuritaire dans la zone et la problématique de l’accès font que pour le moment aucun acteur humanitaire n’a de présence effective dans le district et particulièrement dans le secteur de la santé.

1.2 Situation sécuritaire

La situation sécuritaire demeure volatile dans le district de Koza surtout dans l’arrondissement du Mayo Moskota qui compte des centres de santé - présentement fermés pour des raisons d’insécurité - dont le centre de santé de Assigasia où nous avons trouvé l’infirmier responsable à Mozogo et qui reconnait ne plus pouvoir travailler là-bas. La crise Boko Haram a un impact visible dans cette partie de la région de l’extrême nord. En effet certains villages abritent des positions militaires du BIM dans les zones de Nguechewe, Zamga, Assigasia, Gouzadavefer et Zelever. Les comités de vigilance sont actifs dans les villages et collaborent avec les militaires dans le repérage et la dénonciation des éléments inconnus qui pénètrent dans les zones. Les villages beaucoup plus au nord, à la frontière avec le Nigeria, restent les théâtres d’opérations et sont sous contrôle militaire comme nous l’a indiqué le sous-préfet du Mayo Moskota. Un couvre-feu est maintenu avec l’interdiction de circulation pour les motos à partir de 20h. Une source locale a fait mention de l’existence d’un corridor qui partirait de Koza et passe par Mora, le mayo Moskota et Tokombere qui seraient utilisé par Boko Haram pour se cacher, ce corridor est ancien et aurait été utilisé par le passé pour acheminer des esclaves, il fait partie d’un tronçon de route qui finit dans le nord-est du Mali via le Nigeria et le Niger. La majorité de la population est constitué de Mandara et Mafa qui sont aussi les principales langues parlées dans la zone, on y rencontre également des populations de langue foulbé, de Haussa et Kanuri parlés aussi au Nigeria. La population est un mélange de chrétiens (catholique, protestants), musulmans et animistes.

L’axe Mokolo-Koza est montagneux, c’est une distance de 20 km et la durée du trajet est de 45 min, l’axe Koza Mozongo est plus plat, c’est 12 km et la durée est de 25 min. L’axe Mozongo-Kourgui-Mora est plus utilisé par les militaires mais reste ouvert à la circulation publique.

Ci-dessous la liste des derniers incidents répertoriés et infos sécuritaires dans la zone en 2016:

 le 30 mars à Mozogo, les gendarmes ont abattu une fille kamikaze porteuse de ceinture d’explosifs.

 19 juin, un enfant de 15 ans a reçu une balle dans le pied on l’a trouvé à Mozogo, 3 autres tués.

 Découverte de caches de vivres et motos par des éléments du 41ème BIM enterrées à Djibrili/Cameroun.

 Intérêt pour Boko Haram à préserver une accalmie dans des coins du Mayo Tshanaga et du Mayo Sava pour sécuriser son réseau d’approvisionnement logistique et un meilleur accès au lac Tchad.

 Février 2016, Boko Haram attaque le marché Gabouwa et emporte 70 bœufs repris par les militaires.


Nigeria: West and Central Africa: Weekly Regional Humanitarian Snapshot (12 - 18 July 2016)

0
0
Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, Sierra Leone

CAMEROON

FAO CALLS FOR VIGILANCE OVER BIRD FLU

FAO has urged Western and Central African governments to maintain vigilance following the recent avian influenza outbreak in Cameroon. FAO is working closely with the WHO and the World Organisation for Animal Health to offer assistance such as risk assessments, contingency planning, technical advice and laboratory material. The recent outbreak in Cameroon has brought the number of countries that have battled bird flu in West and Central Africa to six, with Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Niger and Nigeria having reported cases previously.

CHAD

RELOCATION OF CAR REFUGEES UNDERWAY

The relocation of more than 6,000 Central African refugees in southern Chad begun on 15 July. They are being moved inland from the border areas where they settled after fleeing violence back home in early June. More than 700 refugees had by 16 July voluntarily registered to be part of the first wave of relocation. Authorities have guaranteed access to arable land to sustain livelihoods and food security as WFP food distributions are unlikely to continue due to lack of funding.

DR CONGO

CHOLERA ERUPTS IN TANGANYIKA PROVINCE

As of 18 July, 359 cases of cholera including 3 fatalities had been reported in Nyemba and Kalemie health districts in the eastern Tanganyika province. Nyemba health district has treated 150 cases with two fatalities. More than 30 chlorination points have been installed. The epidemic is caused partly by the breakdown of a water pumping station that supplies Kalemie town.

NIGERIA

SEVERELY MALNOURISHED CHILDREN RISK DEATH

Nearly a quarter of a million children in the north-eastern Borno State are severely malnourished and face a high risk of death. Of the 244,000 children suffering from severe acute malnutrition, around 49,000, or almost 1 in 5, will die if they receive no treatment, UNICEF said on 19 July, calling for concerted efforts by humanitarian organizations and donors to tackle the crisis.
The scale of human suffering inflicted by Boko Haram-related conflict is becoming more apparent as areas previously held by the armed group become accessible.

SIERRA LEONE

POSTMORTEM EVD TESTING ENDS

Sierra Leone declared on 15 July that it would stop the mandatory testing of all dead bodies for the Ebola virus, lifting a restriction put in place at the end of an outbreak that claimed thousands of lives. Swabs of saliva were ordered to be systematically taken from any recently deceased person from November 2015, as part of a period of heightened surveillance. From now on, only deaths that meet the criteria set by the Ministry of Health will be investigated and swabbed. WHO declared the end of active Ebola transmission in the country on 17 March.

Nigeria: Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre: Aperçu humanitaire hebdomadaire (12 - 18 juillet 2016)

0
0
Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, Sierra Leone

CAMEROUN

LA FAO PLAIDE POUR LA VIGILANCE AU SUJET DE LA GRIPPE AVIAIRE

La FAO a exhorté les gouvernements d'Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre à maintenir la vigilance suite à la récente épidémie de grippe aviaire au Cameroun. La FAO travaille en étroite collaboration avec l'OMS et l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé Animale pour offrir une assistance tels que l'évaluation des risques, la planification d'urgence, des conseils techniques et du matériel de laboratoire. La récente épidémie au Cameroun a porté le nombre de pays qui ont lutté contre la grippe aviaire en Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre à six, avec le Burkina Faso, la Côte d'Ivoire, le Ghana, le Niger et le Nigeria ayant précédemment signalé des cas.

TCHAD

RELOCALISATION DES RÉFUGIÉS DE LA RCA EN COURS

La relocalisation de plus de 6 000 réfugiés centrafricains dans le sud du Tchad a commencé le 15 juillet. Ils sont en train d’être déplacés vers l’intérieur du pays à la suite de leur installation dans les zones frontalières après avoir fui la violence chez eux en juin.
Le 16 juillet, plus de 700 réfugiés s’étaient volontairement inscrits pour faire partie de la première vague de relocalisation. Les autorités ont garanti un accès aux terres arables pour soutenir les moyens de subsistance et la sécurité alimentaire alors que les distributions alimentaires du PAM sont peu susceptibles de continuer en raison du manque de financement.

RD CONGO

LE CHOLÉRA APPARAIT DANS LA PROVINCE DU TANGANYKA

En date du 18 juillet, 359 cas de choléra dont 3 décès ont été signalés dans les districts sanitaires de Nyemba et Kalemie dans la province orientale du Tanganyika. Le district sanitaire de Nyemba a traité 150 cas dont deux décès. Plus de 30 points de chloration ont été installés. L'épidémie est causée en partie par la rupture d'une station de pompage d'eau qui alimente la ville de Kalemie.

NIGERIA

RISQUE DE MORT POUR DES ENFANTS SÉVÈREMENT MALNUTRIS

Près d'un quart de million d'enfants dans l’État nord-est de Borno souffrent de malnutrition sévère et font face à un risque élevé de mortalité. Selon l’UNICEF (19 juillet 2016), sur les 244 000 enfants souffrant de malnutrition aiguë sévère, environ 49 000, soit près de 1 sur 5, vont mourir s’ils ne reçoivent aucun traitement. L’UNICEF appelle donc à des efforts concertés de la part des organisations humanitaires et des donateurs pour faire face à cette crise. L'ampleur des souffrances humaines infligées par le conflit lié à Boko Haram devient maintenant plus apparente grâce à l’accès récent aux zones précédemment détenues par le groupe armé.

SIERRA LEONE

FIN DES TESTS POST-MORTEM MVE

Le 15 juillet, la Sierra Leone a déclaré arrêter les tests obligatoires sur toutes les personnes décédées pour détecter la maladie à virus Ebola, levant ainsi la restriction mise en place à la fin de l’épidémie qui a coûté des milliers de vies. Des prélèvements de salive étaient fait de façon systématique sur toute personne décédée depuis novembre 2015, et ce, dans le cadre d'une période de surveillance accrue.
Désormais, seuls les décès qui répondent aux critères fixés par le Ministère de la Santé seront étudiés et prélevés. Le 17 mars, l'OMS a déclaré la fin de la transmission active de la maladie à virus Ebola dans le pays

Niger: Niger: “There are several thousand displaced people who are isolated and it is difficult for the aid to reach them”

0
0
Source: Médecins Sans Frontières
Country: Niger

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has provided assistance to displaced people living in remote areas in northern Diffa for over a year, far from any humanitarian aid.

According to official sources, more than 280,000 people who have been displaced by the violence linked to the Islamic State’s West Africa Province, better known as Boko Haram, are now in the region of Diffa, in southeastern Niger. Forty thousand of them were forced to flee the recent attacks that took place in Bosso. The majority of the displaced are living in extreme hardship and have settled along Route Nationale 1 (RN1) in more than 35 sites where aid organisations are working, including MSF. The RN1 crosses the region and runs along the border with Nigeria before turning north to rejoin the shoreline of Lake Chad. It comes to an abrupt end in the eastern part of the region, after the town of Nguigmi, where MSF teams are based, working in the health centre and district hospital there.

“There are many humanitarian workers and a vast number of displaced people all along the RN1,” explains Youssouf Demdelé, deputy head of mission for MSF in Niger. “But there are also several thousand displaced people who are isolated, particularly in villages to the north of Nguigmi, and it is difficult for the aid to reach them.”

Displaced people to the north of Nguigmi

There are currently around 20,000 displaced people who, since 2015, have been living in and around eight villages located up to 50 kilometres to the north of Nguigmi. They were evacuated by the authorities from the islands on Lake Chad following several attacks that took place in the area on 25 April 2015. “The people in this region are isolated and have very little access to humanitarian aid. They lack water, food supplies, shelter and healthcare,” says Youssouf Demdelé. “The original population of the area numbers around 8,000 inhabitants, who have now been joined by 20,000 displaced people.” MSF has provided emergency assistance in the area several times since 2015 and the organisation has been supporting the health centre in Bilabrim since March 2016. “It’s the largest village in the area and the only place within a 30-kilometre radius that offers any healthcare. Since the arrival of all the displaced people, the centre has found itself completely overwhelmed.” Over the last four months, 5,394 consultations have been conducted in Bilabrim, 2,832 of which have been for displaced people.

Launch of a mobile clinic

“In the next few days, we are also going to be setting up a mobile clinic that will go out to the different villages,” says Youssouf Demdelé. The clinic will be manned by three nurses. “There are mothers who come to the Bilabrim health centre with their children after walking 10 kilometres across the sand under the hot sun, which means 20 kilometres if you include the return journey. The mobile clinic will allow us to see people who are too far away to access healthcare.”

The lack of healthcare is not the only problem faced by the displaced people and the inhabitants of this remote, arid area. “The main difficulty that people face is the lack of potable water. There are only two boreholes that contain water with a high salt content, and some traditional wells with bad quality water. These isolated refugees need provisions and new tents to deal with the difficult climatic conditions. The situation is catastrophic for all displaced people in the Diffa region but we mustn’t forget those to the north of Nguigmi just because they are less visible.”

In Diffa region, MSF is working at the mother and child healthcare centre and in two health centres in the town of Diffa, in the Assaga camp and the commune of Chétimari (both in the district of Diffa), at the Garin Wanzam and Kintchandi sites, in the health centre of Ngarwa, in several health centres around the shores of Lake Chad (Bilabrim, Ngalewa and Nguigmi) and at Nguigmi district hospital.

In 2015, MSF conducted more than 142,000 medical consultations in the Diffa region.

Niger: Niger : Bulletin d'Information numéro 10, Diffa - avril 2016

0
0
Source: World Food Programme, Government of Niger, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food Security Cluster
Country: Niger

Résumé

Cible Globale

454 000 personnes vulnérables
dont 399 000 dans les communes affectées par les mouvements de populations

Assistance planifiée

382 000 personnes
dont 220 000 dans les communes affectées par les mouvements de populations

FOCUS SUR LES COMMUNES AFFECTEES PAR LES DEPLACEMENTS DE POPULATIONS

55% planifié vs cible globale

80% réalisé vs planifié

44% de la cible atteinte

82% vivres vs cash

South Sudan: UNICEF South Sudan Humanitarian Situation Report #89, 17 June – 14 July 2016

0
0
Source: UN Children's Fund
Country: South Sudan

Situation in Numbers

1.69 million People internally displaced since 15 December 2013
(OCHA, Humanitarian Snapshot 5 May 2016)

715,228 Estimated new South Sudanese refugees in neighbouring countries since December 2013
(UNHCR, Regional Refugee Information Portal, dated 15 July 2016)

US$ 154.5 million 2016 South Sudan Humanitarian Action for Children Appeal

US$ 2.9 million Wau Crisis Appeal*

US$ 5.4 million Juba Crisis Appeal*

*Wau and Juba appeals forthcoming

FUNDING NEEDS: US$162.7 MILLION

Highlights

• The past month has been marred by insecurity, with conflict erupting in Juba and Wau. Although active hostilities are currently paused in both locations, the situation is tense countrywide, with localised incidents and fears of escalation into full-scale conflict.

• Rising malnutrition is a major concern; UNICEF has already treated over 108,000 children for severe acute malnutrition since the start of 2016, representing over 60% of the 2016 caseload.

• Suspected cholera cases in Juba and Bor have led to a step-up of cholera prevention and response activities, with the activation of cholera task forces and mobilisation for a full cholera response combined with WASH interventions and awareness raising.

Situation Overview & Humanitarian Needs

Insecurity has increased throughout the country in the past month. On 24 July, conflict erupted in Wau. Subsequently, following sporadic security incidents involving Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and SPLA in opposition (SPLA-IO), fighting broke out following clashes at a checkpoint on the night of 7 July. The Wau and Juba crises led to the loss of life of hundreds of South Sudanese; both crises also resulted in mass displacement, with over 65,000 civilians displaced in Wau, and an estimated 42,000 in Juba in the first days of the crisis. As of 14 July, the estimated number of IDPs within and around Juba was 12,800, with 10,140 of these IDPs located in the UNMISS sites.

While a ceasefire was signed in Juba on 11 July, the situation remains tense, with hotspots emerging in other parts of the country. The Juba crisis is perceived to be indicative of a broader breakdown of the August 2015 peace agreement, and the failure of the Transitional Government of National Unity.

In parallel to the increasing insecurity, the economic situation has severely deteriorated, with a dramatic drop in the value of the South Sudanese pound and inflation estimated at close to 300%. The rising costs of goods is exacerbating food insecurity, with the recent IPC update suggesting that up to 4.8 million people are food insecure. Child malnutrition is a key concern; UNICEF and partners have already admitted about 108,000 for treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM), representing over 60% of the 2016 projected caseload.

Niger: Niger - Région de Diffa - Secteur Sécurité Alimentaire, Assistance alimentaire - Communes d'intervention des acteurs humanitaires (juillet 2016)

0
0
Source: World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, REACH Initiative, Food Security Cluster
Country: Niger

Mali: Humanitarian Implementation Plan (HIP) West Africa (ECHO/-WF/BUD/2016/91000) Last update: 07/06/2016, Version 4

0
0
Source: European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office
Country: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo

AMOUNT: EUR 158 962 8482

The present Humanitarian Implementation Plan (HIP) was prepared on the basis of financing decision ECHO/WWD/BUD/2016/01000 (Worldwide Decision) and the related General Guidelines for Operational Priorities on Humanitarian Aid (Operational Priorities). The purpose of the HIP and its annex is to serve as a communication tool for ECHO's partners and to assist in the preparation of their proposals. The provisions of the Worldwide Decision and the General Conditions of the Agreement with the European Commission shall take precedence over the provisions in this document.

0 . MAJOR CHANGES SINCE PREVIOUS VERSION OF THE HIP

Third modification as of 07/06/2016 Despite a reasonably good agricultural harvest, according to the latest figure of the Cadre Harmonisé, 9.5 million people are expected to face a food crisis in the Sahel/West Africa region during the upcoming lean season (starting in June). This is a very significant increase in the population currently facing a food crisis, i.e. 6.7 million. In addition, 5.9 million children under five suffer from Global Acute Malnutrition and 1.9 million from Severe Acute Malnutrition. This constitutes an increase of 28% and 14% respectively as compared to last year. In total, 24 areas in four countries are in food crisis (i.e. phase 3 or 4).

Food and nutrition insecurity is further aggravated in areas suffering from conflict, in particular in North Mali and the Lake Chad region, including Niger.

The deteriorating food and nutrition situation is taking place against the background of serious underfunding of the humanitarian response. The UN Sahel Response Plan is only 11% funded (out of the total USD 339 million requested for this year). The initial amount for 2016 of the DG ECHO HIP West Africa was only 54% of the allocation for 2015.

In view of the above, EUR 9.5 million was allocated from the Operational Reserve to provide emergency food and nutrition assistance and facilitate its delivery to the most vulnerable populations facing food crisis in Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Senegal and Mauritania, as well as to help address Severe Acute Malnutrition, notably by contributing to the Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food pipeline in the region. This amount is to be added to the HIP 2016.


Cameroon: WFP Cameroon Country Brief, June 2016

0
0
Source: World Food Programme
Country: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia

Highlights

  • In June WFP provided emergency assistance to 356,000 refugees, IDPs and vulnerable local populations in Cameroon, using food and cash transfers.

  • Thanks to a generous contribution from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, WFP distributed dates to accompany the food ration during the month of Ramadan.

  • WFP completed the first round of data collection under the food security monitoring system (FSMS) in the most remote areas of the Far North region.

Operational Updates

  • In June WFP provided emergency assistance to 356,000 refugees, IDPs and vulnerable local populations, using food and cash transfers. The food rations were complemented with dates received as a donation from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

  • Since May 2016, WFP is implementing Cash Based Transfer (CBT) programmes in Cameroon, targeting 37,000 vulnerable people. The second transfer round is ongoing in Mokolo, Mora and Kousseri in the Far North region, while the third round has been completed in the Gado refugee site in the East region. WFP has identified 10 new retailer shops in the Gado site to ensure that the local market has enough supplies to meet increasing demand; 21 WFP-contracted shops are now operational in the site.

  • In light of WFP’s new nutrition strategy shifting the focus towards preventive nutrition programmes, a joint WFP-Government nutrition mission was conducted in the Far North to monitor the implementation of Blanket Supplementary Feeding Programmes (BSFP) in selected pilot sites integrating food security and nutrition interventions.

  • The joint WFP and Government food security monitoring system (FSMS) in the most remote areas of the Far North will survey a total of 800 households and 40 local food markets on a quarterly basis through 40 sentinel sites across the region’s six departments. The first round of data collection was completed during the last week of May.

  • Country Programme (CP 200330): New resources are needed urgently for WFP to continue implementing activities under the Country Programme.

Challenges

  • The imminent rainy season challenges access to project sites across Cameroon’s east and northern regions. The combined effects of heavy rains and prevailing insecurity may impact food transport.

  • The operational environment in the Far North region is characterized by frequent displacements within the country and across borders requiring close monitoring and continuous adaptation to a rapidly changing context also affected by insecurity.

  • Funding remains limited for WFP to respond to the constantly growing needs in the Far North region.
    The UNHAS operation remains critically underfunded, an additional USD 2 million is needed to sustain the operation through end of the year.

Nigeria: Nigeria: Food Security Outlook - June 2016 to January 2017

0
0
Source: Famine Early Warning System Network
Country: Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria

Restricted access to parts of the Northeast contribute to Emergency food insecurity

KEY MESSAGES

  • Conflict in Northeast Nigeria has left a significant portion of the population without access to adequate food, water, and health services. A “nutrition emergency” has been declared in Borno State by the Nigerian Ministry of Health and information from recent rapid assessments, although limited and not statistically representative, also raises the possibility that a Famine (IPC Phase 5) could be occurring in the worst affected and less accessible pockets of the state.

  • The Boko Haram conflict and atypically high staple food prices have substantially restricted food access for most households across large areas in the Lake Chad region. Diminishing community and humanitarian support, below average harvest stocks and restricted income earning opportunities will continue to limit food access in this region. Consequently, affected households will continue to have difficulties meeting their minimal food needs and will remain in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) or Stressed (IPC Phase 2) food insecurity, depending on the zone, through January 2017. Several LGAs with proportionally high IDP populations are expected to be in Emergency (IPC Phase 4) acute food insecurity.

  • The recent decision of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to float the naira against the US dollar will likely lead to further depreciation of the naira. The inflation rate increased from 13.7 percent to 15.6 percent between April and May.
    Consequently, prices of local and imported staples such as rice, millet, maize and sorghum will continue to rise beyond normal levels, limiting purchasing power and food access through the lean season period until harvests in October.

  • Most households outside of the Northeast are engaging in normal income-generating activities, early green harvests as well as livestock and cash crop sales. Some market dependent poor households are unable to meet non-food needs as their food stocks diminish due to the depreciating naira, high food prices, flooding along major floodplains and low purchasing power. Most households will continue to face Minimal (IPC Phase 1) acute food insecurity, although some poor households will face Stressed (IPC Phase 2) through the end of the lean season.

Nigeria: Nigeria – Health Disaster in Borno State

0
0
Source: Médecins Sans Frontières
Country: Nigeria

Abuja, Nigeria, 20 July 2016– The health situation in Borno State in northeast Nigeria is critical, the medical humanitarian organisation Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) warned on Wednesday. At least 500,000 people who are either displaced or cut off in enclaves outside state capital Maiduguri are in urgent need of food, medical care, drinking water and shelter. “Aid agencies must deploy a massive relief operation to respond to this health disaster,” says Dr Isabelle Defourny, director of operations at MSF.

As the army regains control of the main towns and some villages in Borno State, the extent of the emergency is becoming apparent. Hundreds of thousands have been cut off from the outside world, some for as long as two years. These are mostly displaced people living in towns now controlled by the military, and who rely entirely on outside aid.

Assessments by United Nations agencies and the Nigerian authorities have shown how serious the situation is and teams from SEMA (Borno State Emergency Management Agency), Red Cross and Unicef have distributed food and provided medical and nutritional treatment at several locations. In June, an MSF team observed extremely high levels of malnutrition and mortality in Bama, Borno State’s second largest town. Bama is now a ghost town accessible only under army escort. Its inhabitants, estimated at over 10,000, live in a camp. While there are some food distributions and close to 1,500 people — the most vulnerable and sick — have been evacuated by the authorities, mortality rates are significantly higher than the emergency threshold and 15% of children are suffering from severe acute malnutrition.

An MSF team has arrived in Bama to provide support with medical and nutritional treatment. Their objective is to rapidly reduce mortality and malnutrition among the displaced. The most critical cases will be transferred to Maiduguri. Equally urgent is improving access to water as well as hygiene conditions in the camp.

Monguno, a town of 150,000 inhabitants (65,000 of whom are displaced), has been without medical care since January 2015. MSF plans to re-launch activities at the hospital and treat displaced and local children with severe acute malnutrition.

“A massive aid effort is vital to provide assistance to people who are cut off or in remote areas,” says Dr Defourny. “Everything suggests that the situation of people in other towns like Dikwa is just as critical and that they also need food and medical care.” MSF is conducting other exploratory missions when and where it can, as insecurity is a major issue. Bama and Dikwa and areas close to the frontline exposed to attack by Boko Haram can only be reached under army escort.

Meanwhile, the displaced are continuing to seek refuge in Maiduguri. With such an influx of people, the town’s hospitals are overwhelmed and are having to turn patients away. Only recently, six children with measles who could not be admitted to hospital were sent back to the displaced persons camp where their families had just arrived. Increasing inpatient capacity in Maiduguri is therefore another of MSF’s priorities.

Nigeria: Nigeria: Massive Aid Effort Needed for Borno State

0
0
Source: Médecins Sans Frontières
Country: Nigeria

July 20, 2016

PARIS/NEW YORK—A humanitarian catastrophe is underway in northeastern Nigeria’s war-torn Borno State, where at least 500,000 people are in urgent need of food, medical care, water, and shelter, the international medical humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) warned today, calling for a major aid response.

As the Nigerian army regains control of towns and villages in the conflict with Boko Haram, the extent of the emergency is becoming more apparent. Many people have been cut off from the outside world for as long as two years. Displaced people now living in towns controlled by the military are entirely dependent on outside aid—with many suffering from malnutrition as food is insufficient.

"Aid agencies must deploy a massive relief operation to respond to this humanitarian emergency," said Dr. Isabelle Defourny, MSF director of operations.

On June 21, an MSF team observed extremely high levels of malnutrition and mortality in Bama, Borno State’s second largest city. Bama is now a ghost town with just over 10,000 inhabitants living in a camp, and like many parts of Borno State, it is accessible only under army escort.

Nearly 1,500 people—the most vulnerable and sick—were then evacuated by the authorities and food aid increased. Yet MSF has still found that 15 percent of children in the camp suffer from severe acute malnutrition, and there have been about 40 deaths in the last three weeks.

There are almost no young men or teenage boys in the camp in Bama—an indication of the severity of the conflict that the community has endured.

An MSF team arrived in Bama yesterday to provide support with medical and nutritional treatment. Their objective is to rapidly reduce mortality and malnutrition among the displaced. The most critical cases will be transferred to Maiduguri. Improving access to water as well as hygiene conditions in the camp is equally urgent.

Yet Bama is only one of many communities in Borno State that are in dire need of aid. Monguno, a town of 150,000 inhabitants—65,000 of whom are displaced—has been without medical care since January 2015. MSF plans to relaunch activities at a hospital in Monguno and treat children with severe acute malnutrition.

"Everything suggests that the situation of people in other towns is just as critical and that they also need food and medical care," Defourny said.

Every day, displaced people arrive in the state capital Maiduguri, reporting great difficulty in accessing food in the communities they are fleeing. In addition, there are cases of measles among the new arrivals, indicating that an epidemic is underway.

MSF is conducting other exploratory missions when and where it can, as insecurity is a major issue. Towns such as Bama and Dikwa and other areas close to the front line are vulnerable to attack by Boko Haram, and access is limited.

Meanwhile, with the influx of people to Maiduguri, the city’s hospitals are overwhelmed and have to turn patients away. Recently, six newly arrived children with measles could not be hospitalized and were sent back to a camp, increasing the risk of further infections. An MSF team is working to increase the city’s hospital capacity, Defourny said.

MSF has been working in Maiduguri in Borno State since August 2014. The organization runs two clinics, a nutrition center, and a health center in one camp and provides medical consultations. In recent months, MSF has developed large-scale projects to ensure water supply and acceptable standards of hygiene in camps in Maiduguri and continues to conduct epidemiological surveillance of people living in them. In 2015, MSF carried out more than 116,300 medical consultations, assisted 1,330 deliveries, and treated 6,000 undernourished children.

South Sudan: South Sudan - Humanitarian Crisis (ECHO Daily Flash of 20 July 2016)

0
0
Source: European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office
Country: Kenya, South Sudan, Uganda

  • The flow of refugees from South Sudan to neighbouring countries is increasing. In Uganda, the latest figures show a high increase in the numbers of refugees with 2,647 refugees arriving from South Sudan on Monday 18 July 2016, i.e. nearly double the number of refugees which arrived in previous days. The majority of refugees are arriving from Eastern Equatoria with smaller numbers of refugees arriving from Juba. Over 90% of the refugees are women and children.

  • In Kenya, a surge in South Sudanese refugees arriving to the Kakuma camp has been observed since April, 90% of whom are from the Lotuko ethnic group from Equatoria. These refugees have been arriving in a bad conditions and are severely malnourished. As a result the death rate of children admitted to malnutrition stabilization centers has surged to over 16% of admissions (standard is max. 10%).

  • Humanitarian access remains a significant concern. Despite the surge in numbers, UNHCR reports that many civilians fleeing the conflict remain blocked in South Sudan trying to cross the border. No UNHAS flights have been authorized by government officials in Juba to areas traditionally controlled by the opposition (Greater Upper Nile), cutting off vital aid and supply lines to these areas.

The United Nations has reported of harassment of its personnel and increased levels of obstructions of its operations. In addition, the UN peace-keeping mission (UNMISS) has received “deeply disturbing” reports of sexual violence, including rape, by soldiers in uniform against a number of civilians in the close vicinity of the UN Protection of Civilians site.

Chad: Bassin du lac Tchad : le point sur la crise N° 5 (11 juillet 2016)

0
0
Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria

Ce bulletin a été publié par OCHA en collaboration avec les partenaires humanitaires. Le prochain bulletin sera publié aux environs du 31 juillet 2016.

Faits saillants régionaux

  • Des niveaux d’urgence en matière de malnutrition aiguë sévère (MAS) et des conditions proches de la famine ont pu être constatés dans l’État de Borno, et en particulier dans 15 camps satellites où vivent quelque 275 000 personnes, et ce, en raison de l’amélioration récente de l’accès humanitaire.

  • Des membres de Boko Haram ont mené plusieurs attaques au cours des semaines passées, conduisant ainsi des dizaines de milliers de personnes à se déplacer dans les régions du Bassin du lac Tchad touchées par les conflits. Dans le secteur de Bosso, au sud-est du Niger, les attaques ont entrainé le déplacement de quelque 70 000 personnes.

  • Au Tchad, l’amélioration de la sécurité a permis aux acteurs humanitaires d’apporter leur aide plus rapidement dans des zones situées dans les parties ouest et nord de la région du lac, difficiles à atteindre auparavant.

  • Un dialogue régional sur la protection s’est tenu à Abuja du 6 au 8 juin, rassemblant des participants des gouvernements du Cameroun, du Tchad, du Niger et du Nigeria, des organisations internationales et régionales, des gouvernements donateurs et la société civile. Les gouvernements se sont mis d’accord sur des mesures visant à apporter plus de protection et d’assistance aux populations du Bassin du lac Tchad, en particulier aux réfugiés et aux personnes déplacées en interne.

  • Les gouvernements du Cameroun, du Nigeria et le représentant régional du HCR (Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés) ont, le 9 juin, paraphé un accord tripartite relatif au rapatriement volontaire des réfugiés nigérians au Cameroun. La signature officielle de ce document est prévue pour le mois de juillet.

  • Le Fonds central de réponse d’urgence (CERF) a approuvé un montant de 10 millions de dollars US en réponse à la crise humanitaire dans la région du Lac et à l’insécurité alimentaire dans la région du Sahel au Tchad. Pour le Nigeria, le CERF a débloqué 13 millions de dollars US, le 27 juin, à titre d’aide vitale aux 250 000 personnes touchées par le conflit dans la région nord-est.

  • Lors du débat consacré aux affaires humanitaires de l'ECOSOC, une réunion parallèle dédiée au Bassin du lac Tchad, « Mettre fin aux besoins du Bassin du lac Tchad », a traité de la meilleure manière d’obtenir des résultats collectifs pour les personnes touchées par la crise.

Chad: Bassin du lac Tchad: Aperçu de la crise (au 11 juillet 2016)

0
0
Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria

Contexte

Le violent conflit dans le Bassin du lac Tchad n’a cessé de s’aggraver. Les raids et les attentats suicides de Boko Haram sur les civils causent des traumatismes généralisés, empêchant les gens d’accéder aux services essentiels et détruisant les infrastructures vitales. Environ 21 millions de personnes vivent dans les zones touchées des quatre pays riverains du Lac Tchad. Le nombre de personnes déplacées dans les zones les plus affectées a triplé depuis les deux dernières années. La plupart des familles déplacées sont hébergées par des communautés qui sont parmi les plus pauvres et les plus vulnérables au monde. L’insécurité alimentaire et la malnutrition dans les régions affectées ont atteint des niveaux alarmants.

Développements récents

70 000 personnes environ ont été déplacées dans la région de Bosso au sud-est du Niger, à la suite des attaques récentes de Boko Haram. L’insécurité s’est aggravée dans la région de Diffa au cours des trois derniers mois alors que le groupe armé fait l’objet de pressions en raison des opérations militaires du Cameroun et du Nigeria. La faim et la malnutrition s’aggravent dans plusieurs régions du Bassin du lac Tchad. Des dizaines de milliers de personnes déplacées dans l’État de Borno au nord-est du Nigeria sont dans des conditions terribles, face à de graves pénuries alimentaires, et souffrent de malnutrition sévère. Les équipes humanitaires atteignent maintenant des zones nouvellement accessibles de Borno, telles que Bama, Damboa, Dikwa et Monguno, et s’emploient à étendre leur réponse. En juin, le Fonds central d'intervention pour les urgences humanitaires (CERF) a dépensé 13 millions de dollars US pour fournir une aide vitale à 250 000 personnes nouvellement accessibles dans le nord-est du Nigeria, et approuvé une allocation de 10 millions de dollars US en réponse à la crise dans la région du Lac et à l’insécurité alimentaire dans la région du Sahel au Tchad.


World: Aperçu de la situation humanitaire mondiale 2016 - Rapport d'étape de juin

0
0
Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gambia, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, occupied Palestinian territory, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Republic of Tanzania, World, Yemen, Zimbabwe

AVANT-PROPOS

Les appels coordonnés par les Nations Unies en 2016 nécessitent un montant sans précédent de $21,6 milliards pour répondre aux besoins de plus de 95,4 millions de personnes dans 40 pays. Depuis que j’ai lancé l’Aperçu de la situation humanitaire mondiale en décembre, le cyclone Winston a balayé les Iles Fidji et un tremblement de terre a dévasté l’Équateur. Les graves effets d’El Niño cette année nous ont amenés à réviser le Document sur les besoins humanitaires de l’Éthiopie et à élaborer un plan de réponse au Zimbabwe. Les besoins de nancement de nouveaux appels lancés depuis décembre (Burundi, Fidji, Haïti, Équateur et Zimbabwe) et des appels révisés sont énoncés dans le document détachable à l’intérieur de ce Rapport d’étape. Les besoins du plan pour le Soudan, en cours d’élaboration, sont également inclus.
Notre appel mondial est actuellement nancé à 25 pour cent. Le Sommet mondial sur l’action humanitaire a fait écho au fait que l’action humanitaire manque cruellement de ressources et nécessite une réponse ef cace et collective immédiate. Le manque de nancement compromet la vie des personnes affectées par les con its ou les catastrophes. Pour ne citer que quelques exemples : le manque de nancement signi e que les Nations Unies et leurs partenaires ne peuvent pas répondre de manière adéquate aux besoins des 13,5 millions de personnes dont la vie a été bouleversée par la crise en Syrie. Cela signi e que l’assistance humanitaire ne peut pas être assurée dans la phase post-électorale cruciale en République Centrafricaine alors que certains partenaires humanitaires cessent leurs opérations dans le pays. Cela signi e également la détérioration de la vie de la moitié de la population du Bassin du Lac Tchad, théâtre de l’une des crises les plus négligées dans le monde. Cela signi e aussi que les partenaires humanitaires au Myanmar ne pourront pas répondre aux besoins en sécurité alimentaire, en santé, en protection et en moyens de subsistance d’un million de personnes en 2016. Au moment où j’écris, j’apprends que les établissements médicaux en Irak sont en train de fermer en raison de l’épuisement du nancement international et de son non-renouvellement.
Nous sommes reconnaissants envers nos bailleurs de fonds pour leur engagement et leur soutien cette année et pour avoir reconnu que les appels coordonnés par les Nations Unies assurent une réponse cohérente, stratégique et bien plani ée aux crises. Nous sommes prêts et résolus à fournir une assistance humanitaire vitale dans le monde partout et à chaque fois que le besoin se manifeste et à tous ceux qui en ont besoin. Le soutien des bailleurs, au cours du premier semestre 2016, nous a permis de dispenser des secours vitaux et salvateurs. Il nous incombe à présent d’investir bien davantage dans la vie des millions de personnes qui portent le poids des crises dans le monde. Leurs besoins ne peuvent pas attendre. Ces nancements permettront à des millions de femmes, de lles, de garçons et d’hommes déplacés d’avoir une nourriture nutritive, de boire une eau saine et de béné cier d’une bonne santé, d’un abri, d’une éducation et d’une protection. L’investissement dans la survie et dans la dignité de millions de personnes dans le besoin est un investissement dans notre humanité commune et partagée.

Stephen O’Brien
Secrétaire général adjoint des Nations Unies aux affaires humanitaires et Coordonna- teur des secours d’urgence

Niger: Diffa: (3W) Qui Fait Quoi et Où? (Juin 2016)

0
0
Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Niger

Nigeria: West and Central Africa: Humanitarian Bulletin, June 2016

0
0
Source: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Country: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Commitments made at the World Humanitarian Summit are being transformed into an Action Plan.

  • Some 3.8 million people in the Lake Chad Basin are facing severe food insecurity in the current lean period.

  • Aid groups step up response to people in need across the Lake Chad Basin, where hunger and malnutrition are on the rise.

  • Heavy flooding triggered by torrential rains in Ghana, Chad and Niger.

  • Ebola outbreak is over in the three worst-hit West African countries.

KEY FIGURES

People displaced in recent attacks in Niger - 70K

Severely food insecure people in Lake Chad Basin - 3.8M

People facing crisis level of food insecurity in the Sahel - 6.7M

The World Humanitarian Summit – next steps

With the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance and related funding requirements hitting record high in the past decade, the UN Secretary-General convened a World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) to discuss how and what must be done better to end conflict, alleviate human suffering and reduce risk and vulnerability.

More than 9,000 participants

On 23 - 24 May, more than 9,000 representatives from the UN member states, local and international NGOs, the private sector, affected communities and other stakeholders gathered Istanbul for the WHS, demonstrating an overwhelming support for the Agenda for Humanity.

The diversity of voices heard at the Summit and their convergence around strategic issues and ideas was a first for the humanitarian sector. More than 1,500 pledges and commitments were made on how to better address the unprecedented levels of suffering and vulnerability of people caught up in natural disasters and conflicts; to empower them as agents of their own recovery; and to summon greater political will to prevent and end the wars which are causing so much distress.

West and Central Africa at the WHS The West and Central Africa region was represented at the highest level. Presidents from the Central African Republic, Mali, Mauritania and Niger attended the Summit, as well as high level mission from most other countries of the region. The Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) were also present and particularly engaged in the new Regional Organisations for Humanitarian Action Network (ROHAN).

In collaboration with Governments, United Nations, INGOs and Civil society organisations, the region held two side events featuring panel discussions and representatives from affected communities on the crisis in the Lake Chad Basin, and on Mali and radicalization and stability in the Sahel.

Grand bargain

Whereas many initiatives were launched at the summit, a couple stood out in significance. The launch of the “Grand Bargain” was ground breaking and aimed at ensuring efficiency and transparency by investing in front-line humanitarian action over the next five years. Donors also committed to new funding initiatives to protect women and girls from gender-based violence; to ensure that millions of children in crisis can continue their education; address one of the most urgent priorities of refugees and displaced people around the world; and bridge the gap between humanitarian and development work by creating a new way of working together to reduce needs, manage risks and reach common goals to end needs.

Translating commitments into action

The UN has committed to build on the momentum generated to work in partnership with world leaders and all stakeholders to support the most vulnerable people in the world. All commitments made at the Summit are being aligned and reflected in a Commitment to Action Platform.

This platform will be publicly accessible to allow for self-accountability on commitments made. In September, the UN Secretary-General will report to the General Assembly on the key outcomes of the WHS and propose ways in which to take the commitments forward.

In West and Central Africa, leaders are called upon to prioritize political leadership to address the causes of crises – through preventing conflicts, protecting rights, tackling climate change and resourcing efforts to reduce the risk of disasters and increase community resilience – for the well-being of tens of millions of people who struggle to survive.

Mali: Point sur la situation alimentaire au Sahel - Suivi de campagne n°183 - début juillet 2016

0
0
Source: Afrique Verte
Country: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger

Syntèse par pays

Au Niger, la tendance générale des prix des céréales sèches est à la hausse sur les marchés de l’Est (Zinder, Maradi) et du Nord (Agadez) du pays et à la stabilité sur ceux de l’Ouest (Niamey et Tillabéry) qui sont plus arrimés aux marchés du Burkina et du Mali. Pour le riz, on observe une stabilité générale sur les marchés. Seul le sorgho a enregistré une légère baisse sur le marché de Dosso. Les hausses ont été enregistrées : i) pour le mil à Zinder (+11%), à Agadez (+9%), Maradi (+6%) et à Dosso (+3%) ii) pour le sorgho à Zinder (+18%), Maradi (+13%) et à Agadez (+5%) et iii) pour le maïs à Zinder (+22%), à Dosso (+10%) et à Maradi (+5%).

Au Mali, la tendance générale de l’évolution des prix des céréales sur les marchés est à la stabilité. Toutefois, quelques hausses ont été enregistrées à cause de la soudure mais surtout des fortes demandes liées à la fin du mois de carême musulman. Les mouvements à la hausse sont observés : i) pour le riz local à Sikasso (+25%) et à Bamako (+3%), ii) pour le mil à Bamako (+9%), à Kayes (+6%) et à Tombouctou (+2%), iii) pour le sorgho à Bamako (+7%) et à Gao (+3%), et iv) pour le riz importé à Sikasso (+3%). La baisse est enregistrée uniquement pour le riz local à Kayes (-5%). Seul le riz local a enregistré une baisse sur le marché de Kayes (-5%). Le maïs est absent du marché de Tombouctou.

Au Burkina, la tendance générale de l’évolution des prix des céréales est à la stabilité. Toutefois, des baisses ont été observées : i) pour le mil sur les marchés de Dédougou (-3%) et de Ouagadougou (-5%), ii) pour le sorgho sur les marchés de Dédougou (-10%), de Ouagadougou (-9%) et de Tenkodogo (-6%), et iii) pour le maïs sur les marchés de Dédougou (-10%) et Nouna (-6%). Quelques hausses ont aussi été enregistrées, i) pour le mil à Bobo (+17%), et à Nouna (+3%) et ii) pour le maïs à Kongoussi (+9%), Bobo (+7%) et Ouagadougou (+3%).

Mali: Lancement officiel du projet Paludisme et Maladies Tropicales Négligées au Sahel (P/MTN)

0
0
Source: Government of the Republic of Mali
Country: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger

Signé entre la Banque mondiale et la Communauté économique des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (Cédéao), à travers l’Organisation ouest-africaine de la santé (OOAS) en décembre 2015, le projet Paludisme et maladies tropicales négligées au Sahel (P/MTN) a été officiellement lancé ce mardi à l’hôtel Radisson Blu de Bamako.

La cérémonie de lancement, placée sous le haut patronage du Premier ministre Modibo Kéita, a enregistré la présence du ministre de la Santé et de l’Hygiène publique, Marie-Madeleine Togo, du directeur général de l’OOAS, Xavier Crespin, du représentant résident de la Banque mondiale, Paul Noumba Um, et plusieurs membres du gouvernement.

Le Premier ministre Modibo Kéita a salué l’engagement des partenaires techniques et financiers et invité les pays bénéficiaires à tout mettre en œuvre pour pérenniser les acquis.

Le P/MTN, financé à hauteur de 121 millions de dollars par la Banque mondiale, a pour but d’accroître l’accès et l’utilisation des services à base communautaire harmonisés pour la prévention et le traitement du paludisme et certaines MTN dans les zones transfrontalières des pays bénéficiaires,

Le projet P/MTN couvre 3 pays de la Cédéao (le Burkina Faso, le Mali et le Niger). Il vise aussi à améliorer la collaboration régionale pour de meilleurs résultats dans tous les pays ; à soutenir la mise en œuvre coordonnée des interventions contre le paludisme et les MTN dans les zones frontalières et à renforcer leurs capacités institutionnelles.

Le ministre de la Santé et de l’Hygiène publique a rappelé les résultats atteints et les défis à relever pour l’élimination de ces fléaux. A l’en croire, la mise en œuvre de ce projet régional va permettre non seulement de lutter contre ces maladies, mais aussi contribuer au développement socio-économique des pays bénéficiaires.

"L’idée maîtresse de cette initiative est d’alléger le fardeau énorme du paludisme et des MTN et de contribuer à la réduction de la pauvreté et à l’augmentation de la productivité et à l’amélioration de la qualité de vie des populations concernées", a-t-elle précisé.

Le directeur général de l’OOAS a ajouté que sur les 109 pays touchés par le paludisme dans le monde (données OMS), les prévalences et les mortalités les plus élevées sont observées dans 35 pays, dont 30 en Afrique. Parmi ces pays africains, 13 sont dans l’espace CEDEAO.

Les partenaires techniques et financiers, à travers la Banque mondiale, ont assuré l’OOAS de leur soutien au projet P/MTN.

Source: L'Indicateur du Renouveau

Viewing all 14548 articles
Browse latest View live




Latest Images