Dimanche 8 mai, célébrée la journée mondiale de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge. A cet effet, la Croix-Rouge Burkinabè (CRBF) a tenu une conférence de presse vendredi 6 mai 2016 afin de dresser un bilan des réalisations et dévoiler le programme de la journée de célébration. La conférence a été animée par Lazare Zoungrana, secrétaire général de la CRBF.

« Partout, pour tous », voici le thème de cette journée mondiale. Selon Lazare Zoungrana, l’objectif est de mettre en avant la force du réseau mondial dont dispose la Croix-Rouge pour apporter un soutien aux personnes les plus vulnérables en toutes circonstances. Présente dans les 45 provinces du pays et forte de 60 000 volontaires équipés et formés aux techniques de secours, la Croix-Rouge Burkinabè dispose en plus de partenaires aussi bien techniques que financiers pour la réalisation de ses projets.

C’est ainsi qu’au cours de son plan stratégique allant de 2012 à 2015, la CRBF a pu réaliser des projets dans différents domaines tels que la santé, l’eau et l’assainissement, les principes humanitaires et la protection de l’enfance. A titre d’exemple, la CRBF intervient, en partenariat avec la police nationale et l’ONASER et à travers ses volontaires, en tant qu’auxiliaire pour la règlementation de la circulation dans les artères de la capitale. Elle a par ailleurs mené des sessions de renforcement de capacités d’agents du ministère de la santé dans le cadre de la prévention de la maladie à virus Ebola. En partenariat avec l’UNICEF, la Croix-Rouge Espagnole et le financement de la Croix-Rouge Monégasque, la CRBF a lancé des campagnes de sensibilisation dans les débits de boissons pour sensibiliser les acteurs quant aux droits des enfants travaillant dans les débits de boissons en vue de leur réinsertion sociale.

Le secrétaire général de la Croix-Rouge s’est réjoui que les objectifs du plan stratégique écoulé sont atteints. Ainsi, selon lui, en termes de préparation face aux urgences, la Croix-Rouge a été présente et a joué sa partition durant l’insurrection populaire d’octobre 2014 et l’attentat terroriste de janvier 2016.Concernant la prise en charge des personnes vulnérables,1750 personnes victimes d’affrontements entre éleveurs et agriculteurs dans la Kompienga ont été prises en charge, ainsi que 9525 victimes d’inondations.

Pour le plan stratégique 2016-2020, « la Croix-Rouge va continuer de porter assistance aux personnes vulnérables » d’après le secrétaire général. La CRBF prévoit pour cela mettre l’accent sur des projets intégrés comme c’est le cas à Mangodara où le projet vise l’approvisionnement en eau potable, l’accès à des centres de santé et à des soins de proximité. Également, elle prévoit de diffuser le plus possible les principes fondamentaux et les missions de la Croix-Rouge en temps de paix pour accroître leur compréhension par le grand public et ainsi faciliter les opérations quand le besoin se fait sentir.

Pour terminer son propos, Lazare Zoungrana a remercié les hommes de médias pour leur accompagnement, ainsi que les autorités nationales. Le programme des activités commémoratives de la journée du 8mai comprend une journée de don de sang et de dépistage de la drépanocytose, des sensibilisations dans les lieux de restauration et débits de boissons. Il y aura également la règlementation de la circulation dans certaines artères de Ouagadougou par les volontaires et des émissions radiophoniques interactives à Ouagadougou, Bobo Dioulasso et Koudougou.

HIGHLIGHTS

• 800,000 people in emergency food insecurity in Borno and Yobe States.

• 378,000 children display MAM in Borno and Yobe States.

• Livelihood initiatives needed to bring IDPs out of the cycle of dependence.

• Commemoration of the two year anniversary of the Chibok girls’ disappearance from their school.

New assessment exposes dire needs in previously-inaccessible areas

At the beginning of April, UN agencies conducted a multi-sector needs assessment in eight wards in the outskirts of Maiduguri, the capital of Borno State, 12 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in the north and east of Borno State and 4 LGAs in Yobe State.

The Borno LGAs have until this point been inaccessible to international humanitarian partners, and this was the first time the situation in these areas - and the needs of the people still living there - had been assessed. Even now they can only be accessed under a military escort, and when security condition allow. Four of the previously unassessed Borno LGAs have been covered: Bama, Damboa, Dikwa and Monguno. The humanitarian situation faced by the residents is dire.

The conflict in the North-East has caused markets to close, cut off trade routes, destroyed livelihoods and displaced millions of people. Moreover, the price of staple foodstuffs in Borno has increased by 50-100 per cent, and trading has been badly affected by insecurity and military restrictions. As a result, the people in the areas covered by the assessment are now facing emergency (phase 4) food security conditions.

A dire humanitarian situation in previously-inaccessible areas

A total of 800,000 people were found to be severely food insecure and in need of immediate food assistance, over 550,000 of whom are in Borno, and 250,000 in Yobe. The majority are in rural areas: almost half of the severely food insecure people in Borno are in the newly-reopened LGAs. In Yobe, 80 per cent of the people in most need were in rural areas.

378,000 children are displaying moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), two thirds of whom are in Borno. Of this group, 73,000 children under two are in urgent need of therapeutic feeding, as are 27,000 pregnant and lactating women. Health and nutrition services are limited in host communities and the newly-opened areas. Without immediate nutrition assistance, it is estimated that 92 per cent of these children - 67,000 - will die of malnutrition before the end of the year.

Moreover, 75 per cent of water and sanitation facilities in Borno and 9 per cent in Yobe require rehabilitation, healthcare in Borno is non-functional, and shelter is inadequate: many of the poorest and most vulnerable IDPs are living in grass huts, which will not stand up to the rains. Already, the winds that signal the start of rainy season are blowing down grass huts in host communities.

With the rainy and lean seasons fast approaching, it is expected that the situation will worsen between May and September, when the number of people in urgent need is likely to increase. The seasonal rainfall prediction issued by the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMET) indicates that rainfall is likely to be unstable, and abnormally low in the north.

The combination of food insecurity, malnutrition, poor shelter and inadequate sanitation and healthcare increases the risks of communicable and vector-borne diseases and the severity of an outbreak in these communities, including malaria, typhoid and cholera.

1. INTRODUCTION

L’accès aux soins de santé primaire est assuré pour les réfugiés nigérians grâce au paquet complet de services de santé primaire mis en place dans les deux centres de santé du camp. Ces structures sont tenues l’une par International Medical Corps (IMC) sur financement HCR (Haut-Commissariat pour les Réfugiés) et l’autre par Médecins Sans Frontières Suisse (MSF) sur fond propre. Au début de l’année 2016, entre 2000 et 2700 malades sont consultés chaque semaine par les deux partenaires. Dans ce nombre, 40 à 70 ont des pathologies dont la prise en charge dépasse la capacité du plateau technique des structures et nécessite une référence. La quasi-totalité des références se font vers l’Hôpital de district de Mokolo à ¾ d’heure du camp principalement par le partenaire IMC. Moins de 5% arrive à l’Hôpital Régional de Maroua (généralement quand le chirurgien n’est pas disponible à Mokolo). Les références vers les structures tertiaires à Yaoundé sont pour le moment très limitées (3 cas de Spina bifida en 2015).

Cela démontre sans doute l’importance du flux de patients qui utilisent les soins de santé secondaires d’où la nécessité de mettre en place un document de procédure qui encadre ce mouvement.

Vulnerability Screening Round II

Following successful completion of Round I of the vulnerability screening exercise conducted by UNHCR, in collaboration with the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), State Emergency Management Agencies (SEMAs) and Nigerian Red Cross Society (NRCS), in December 2015 for all North East States, Round II of the vulnerability screening data collection commenced in March 2016 in all six North East States with the view to expand the coverage of host communities and areas beyond the over 17,000 households reached in Round I. The objective of the vulnerability screening exercise is to profile the most vulnerable internally displaced at the household and individual level in order to direct assistance to the most vulnerable IDPs by UNHCR and partner agencies, as well as inform the planning of targeted protection interventions. As of the end of April, all data collection for Round II of the exercise was completed and data entry is currently ongoing.

Protection Assessments and Site Visits

In mid-April, UNHCR participated in a multi-sector assessment mission of newly accessible areas to humanitarians in Borno State. The assessment identified serious protection risks in the satellite camps in the recaptured areas, including exposure to sexual and gender-based violence, child protection issues, killings, destruction of property, looting of food and livestock and forced displacement. The population assessed reported fear and severe distress due to extremely high level of trauma and repeated waves of displacement. Limited access to services and livelihoods has rendered people more vulnerable due to restricted freedom of movement in most areas recently captured. The civilian character of IDP camps and settlements has been compromised as there are no civilian actors present.

To follow up on such initial identification of severe protection issues in newly accessible areas, UNHCR is preparing to lead a comprehensive Borno Protection Sector Working Group (PSWG) assessment in Dikwa, Bama, Monguno, Ngamboru Ngala and Damboa Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Borno State from the week of 9 May 2016. Similar preparations are ongoing for a protection assessment of Geidam LGA in Yobe State, pending final clearance for humanitarian access.

According to the analysis done by UNHCR, from January through April 26, 2016, 372 civilians died and 284 were injured. Further, UNHCR identified a total of 6,239 civilians that were released or rescued from areas controlled by Boko Haram in 2016.

The Global Education Cluster 2015 Report seeks to illustrate how the work of the Global Education Cluster and its new strategic direction have been particularly significant in achieving results despite the challenging environment faced by humanitarian agencies in 2015. The report presents examples of our work that demonstrate how our aim to be as field focused (and field informed) as possible has successfully enabled education responses to be more effective, through better coordination. Continued partner support (highlighted in the report) has also been critical to this success. Finally the report looks at the changing humanitarian landscape and the challenges and opportunities ahead.

Au menu:

· Tchad : Le HCR et les services de l’Etat font front commun en faveur des réfugiés (HCR, 05/05/16)

· Appui de la France aux populations vulnérables (Ambassade de France, 28/04/16)

· Fear of Boko Haram deters displaced in Chad from going home - aid agencies (Reuters, 27/04/16)

· Invisible, Forgotten, and Suffering: Darfuri Refugees in Eastern Chad (Sudan Tribune, 28/04/16)

· Tchad: prorogation de 6 mois de l'état d'urgence contre Boko Haram (AFP, 26/04/16)

Displacement Highlights

• 2,155,618 individuals (352,840 households) were identified in Adamawa, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, Yobe, Nasarawa, Plateau, Kaduna, Kano, Zamfara, states and Abuja.

• In total, 1,856,616 IDPs captured through the DTM assessments have beendisplaced by the insurgency (86.16% of the total IDP population).

• Majority of the IDPs are identified in Borno (1,427,999) followed by Yobe (150,718) and Adamawa (134,415).

• 53.72% of the IDP population are children and 26.2% are five(5) years old or younger.

• 91% of IDPs live in host communities while 9% live in camps.

• 97 Camps and camp-like sites have been identified through the DTM assessments.

Introduction

Over the last few months, the recapture of many towns and villages by Nigerian security forces in the insurgency-hit northeastern States of Borno and Yobe have further escalated the needfor humanitarian response as civilians previously under the control of Boko Haram are now accessible.

Working in close collaboration with the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) and State Emergency Management Agencies (SEMAs), IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) programme is working to expandcoverage in addition to addressing the needs of gathering accurate information on the existing caseload of internally displaced persons (IDPs).

The DTM assessments are being carried out in 13 states (Abuja, Adamawa, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Gombe, Kaduna, Kano, Nasarawa, Plateau, Taraba, Yobe and Zamfara) and cover a total of 218 LGAs and 1,331 wards where IDPs had been identified. While DTM data collectors have full or partial access to all LGAs in the states mentioned above, only 15 out of the 27 LGAs in Borno State are currently accessible while efforts to access the recaptured LGAs are being planned for the next round of assessments.

The programme is supporting the Government of Nigeria and other humanitarian response partners in the field to conduct IDPs assessments in a systematic way, as well as to establish a profile of the IDP population. The DTM teams are composed of representatives of NEMA, SEMAs, the Nigerian Red Cross and IOM. The assessment included the collection of baseline information at LGAs and ward level and detailed surveys in camps and camp-like sites.

The DTM programme is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department (ECHO). NEMA is also providing financial support to the programme.

Opportunities to Reduce Vulnerability to Drought are Within Reach, Says New Report

WASHINGTON, May 9, 2016 – As extreme drought continues to hit much of Sub-Saharan Africa, leaving millions of people in need of emergency assistance, a new report led by the World Bank focuses on interventions that could increase long term resilience to drought. Launched at the First Great Green Wall Conference held in Dakar, the report Confronting Drought in Africa’s Drylands: Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience estimates that a set of interventions could help reduce the impact of drought by about half in Africa’s drylands. This will keep on average 5 million people per year out of danger in areas that constitute some of Africa’s poorest zones.

“Drylands, which are hot spots of natural disasters, are at the core of Africa’s development challenge,” said Makhtar Diop, World Bank Vice President for Africa. “If we are to achieve lasting poverty reduction, it is imperative to better manage the impacts of extreme weather and climate variability, as the number of people living in drylands and competing for scarce resources will increase.”

Confronting Drought in Africa’s Drylands focuses on a subset of countries in East and West Africa that contain large arid, semi-arid, and sub-humid areas and are home to over 300 million people. Frequent and severe shocks, especially droughts, already limit livelihood opportunities, undermine efforts to eradicate poverty, and require emergency aid. The future promises to be even more challenging: population growth and an expansion of drylands due to climate change could increase the number of people living in a challenging environment by up to 70 percent by 2030.

But better management of livestock, agriculture and natural resources could help enhance people’s resilience in the face of change. “Our research found that by investing in interventions that increase the sustainability and productivity of herding and farming, we could vastly improve the prospects for development in East and West Africa and cushion the losses that disproportionately affect poor households,” said Raffaelo Cervigni, World Bank Lead Environmental Economist and co-author of the report.

For example, in 2010 only 30 percent of pastoralist and agro-pastoralist households in the Sahel and the Horn of Africa possessed enough livestock assets to stay out of poverty in the face of recurrent droughts. To protect livestock-keeping households, productivity-enhancing interventions—such as providing improved animal health services, ensuring early off-take of young male animals, destocking quickly in the face of approaching drought, and ensuring improved access to grazing areas—could raise the share of resilient households by 50 percent.

Improved crop production technologies, soil fertility management and adding trees to current farming systems can also deliver resilience benefits by boosting agricultural productivity and increasing drought and heat tolerance of crops. Trees growing in crop fields, in particular, can serve as sources of fertilizer while reducing water and heat stress affecting crops. Trees can also reduce households’ food security by providing food when crops and animal-source foods become unavailable, and increase their coping capacity by providing assets that can be cut and sold in times of need.

Irrigation can also provide an important buffer against droughts, particularly in the less arid parts of the drylands. Analysis carried out for this report suggests that irrigation development is technically feasible and financially viable on 5 to 9 million hectares in the drylands.

Other interventions discussed in the report include integrated landscape management to restore degraded areas to functional and productive ecosystems, and reducing barriers to trade so that food is more available and more affordable, including after a shock hits. The authors estimate that the cost of well-targeted, location-specific technical interventions would amount to US$ 0.4 billion to 1.3 billion per year.

“These costs compare favorably with the costs of emergency assistance and are within reach of current development budgets,” said Michael Morris, World Bank Lead Agricultural Economist and report co-author. “Most importantly, unlike short-term remedies, these interventions can lay the foundation for durable development by allowing people to build enough assets to get out of poverty and stay out of poverty.”

The report concedes that even under optimistic assumptions about the spread of resilience-enhancing interventions, a significant share of the population living in drylands will remain vulnerable to shocks in 2030. Governments will need to provide support in the form of social safety nets and to invest in human and physical capital to facilitate a gradual transition to livelihoods that are less reliant on natural resources.

Confronting Drought in Africa’s Drylands was prepared by the World Bank working with a large coalition of partners including government agencies, regional organizations, multilateral development agencies, research institutes, and non-governmental organizations who provided background papers and notes, to contribute to the ongoing dialogue about measures to reduce the vulnerability and enhance the resilience of populations living in dryland areas of Sub-Saharan Africa.

MEDIA CONTACTS

In Washington
Madjiguene Seck
Tel : +1 202 458-0616
mseck@worldbank.org

In Dakar
Mademba Ndiaye
Tel : 221 33 859 4140
mademba@worldbank.org

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

• In northern and eastern Cameroon, the social and health indicators are alarming, particularly among refugees and indigenous peoples.

• Close to 20% of children die before their fifth birthday in Cameroon’s northern regions.

• A pilot project is addressing health challenges using performance-based financing to encourage hospitals and health centers to improve their services.

KAGNOL, May 9, 2016—Over the past several years, joint efforts on behalf on the Cameroonian government and international organizations have led to significant progress in combating malnutrition and maternal and infant mortality in Cameroon. However, this progress masks sharp disparities between the regions in the south and those in the north, where close to 20% of children die before reaching their fifth birthday.

The northern and eastern regions of the country are home to a large number of refugees fleeing conflict in border areas and to most of Cameroon’s indigenous people, the majority of which are Baka. The social and health indicators amongst these extremely vulnerable populations are alarming.

Papa Simon, chief of the Baka camp in Petit Kagnol, located roughly 170 kilometers from Bertoua, lost his daughter only a short time ago. She died in child birth at a hospital located a few dozen kilometers from the camp.

“My daughter started to have complications during her delivery and was in severe pain, but she did not want to be hospitalized. Her husband and mother insisted on taking her to the health center, but she took advantage of a brief moment of inattention to flee and return to the village in the middle of the night,” explained Simon. “We tried treating her with traditional medicines in vain.”

Simon and his family set off for the hospital again, but it was too late to save the mother and her baby.

Unfortunately Simon’s story resembles that of many others and very often, a woman, child, or elderly person succumbs to a health complication that went untreated due to a lack of access to healthcare services or a mistrust of it. In 2011, the World Bank Group launched a pilot program funded by the Health Sector Support Investment Project (PAISS) to tackle this pressing health challenge. The program, which seeks to improve health services, focuses on monitoring pregnant women, promoting vaccination, and teaching the basic rules of hygiene to prevent the contraction of diseases such as malaria, typhoid, and intestinal parasites.

Improving Medical Care in Kagnol

The project has adopted a community based approach to health care, where the project’s health agents visit all the households in Kagnol twice a month to monitor health conditions and identify vulnerable members of the community. In addition to raising awareness and encouraging preventative health measures, health agents are also able to accompany ailing or injured people to nearby health facilities so that the appropriate care can be administered as soon as possible.

Léonie Ndo Mvondo, head of the Kagnol health care center since 2012, noted that raising awareness among the Baka people regarding the importance of medical care and follow-up visits is one of the main concerns of the center. “The funds provided by this pilot program allowed us to implement a tailored health care policy for members of the Baka community living in our district. They do not pay for medication or hospitalization, and all medical procedures are provided free of charge,” she explained.

The financing of centers such as Kagnol is conditional on the results achieved. This approach, known as performance-based financing (PBF), encourages hospitals and health centers to enhance the efficiency of their services by providing a financial incentive to centers that perform strongly. In the case of Cameroon, this approach was implemented successfully in 26 health districts around the country, for which $25 million in World Bank funding was provided.

“This program allowed us to refurbish the health center. With the financing we received, we were able to build living quarters for the head of the center, buy hospital beds, restock the pharmacy, and upgrade the laboratory equipment. We also installed solar panels so we can have electricity at all hours of the day,” added an emotional Mvondo.

In 2014, the International Development Association (IDA) and the Health Results Innovation Trust Fund provided $40 million in additional funding ($20 million from each institution) to extend the project to the three northernmost regions of Cameroon. In early 2016, Cameroon decided to gradually scale up performance-based financing to the national level, beginning with the health districts in the northern regions.

“By promoting equitable access to basic health services, this approach will make it possible to provide better care to the country’s poorest and most vulnerable,” remarked Paul Jacob Robyn, Health Specialist in the World Bank’s Human Development Global Practice Group.

The World Bank Group’s Board of Executive Directors approved an additional project totalling $127 million to scale up this approach throughout the entire country on May 3, 2016.

Highlights

• The ninth round of DTM assessment was conducted from 4 to 12 April 2016. 2,155,618 IDPs were identified across 13 states. Biometric registration continued in Adamawa, Borno and Yobe States.

• IOM started the construction of 200 shelters for the displaced population at Bakassi Camp to support the ongoing voluntary relocations of IDPs sheltered in schools in Maiduguri, Borno State.

• IOM organized a roundtable on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Borno with 22 participants in order to build consensus on what needs to be done to improve services within the humanitarian response.

Situation Overview

The Northeastern part of Nigeria witnessed an increase in violence since the beginning of 2014, causing a major humanitarian crisis. More than two million individuals have been displaced as a consequence of the intensification of attacks by Boko Haram, as well as the counter-insurgency activities of the Nigerian Government, with the highest number of displacements taking place in Borno, Yobe and Adamawa States. More than two years after the crisis began, and despite the fact that some IDPs have started to return home, the situation on the ground remains dire and most of the affected populations have yet to receive humanitarian assistance.

IOM is the leading intergovernmental organization in the field of migration and works in four broad areas of migration management in Nigeria: migration and development, facilitating migration, regulating migration, and addressing forced migration. Following the humanitarian crisis in North East Nigeria, IOM expanded the scope of its activities in 2014 to respond to the needs of IDPs arising from the insurgency and counter-insurgency activities that continue to affect the country. IOM emergency programs focus on three areas: Displacement Tracking Matrix(DTM), Psychosocial support and community mobilization, and direct assistance. In addition, as the co-lead of the ES/NFI and CCCM working groups, IOM is providing support to the authorities in advocating and mobilizing resources for the mentioned sectorsand is coordinating life-saving assistance in camps, camp-like sites and host communities.

LES POINTS MARQUANTS

• Dans le nord et l’est du Cameroun, les indicateurs sociaux et sanitaires sont alarmants, notamment parmi les populations de réfugiés et les peuples autochtones.

• Près de 20 % des enfants décèdent avant leur cinquième anniversaire dans les régions du Nord.

• L’approche du financement basé sur la performance mise en œuvre dans le cadre d’un projet pilote permet de relever ce défi sanitaire en encourageant structures hospitalières et centres de santé à améliorer leurs services.

KAGNOL, le 9 mai 2016—Depuis quelques années, les efforts conjugués du gouvernement et des organisations internationales ont permis d’enregistrer des progrès importants dans la lutte contre la malnutrition et la mortalité maternelle et infantile au Cameroun. Ces progrès masquent cependant de fortes disparités entre les régions du Sud et celles du Nord, plus pauvres, où près de 20 % des enfants décèdent avant d’atteindre leur cinquième année.  

Cette situation touche également l’est du pays, qui compte un grand nombre de réfugiés fuyant les conflits des zones frontalières et abrite de nombreux peuples autochtones, majoritairement Bakas. Les indicateurs sociaux et sanitaires sont en effet alarmants pour ces deux catégories les plus vulnérables de la société.

Papa Simon peut en témoigner. Il y a quelques mois, ce patriarche du campement Bakas de Petit Kagnol situé à environ 170 kilomètres de Bertoua a perdu sa fille, morte en couche à l’hôpital situé à quelques dizaines de kilomètres du campement.

« Ma fille a commencé à avoir des complications pendant l’accouchement. Elle souffrait beaucoup. Malgré la douleur, elle n’a pas voulu se faire hospitaliser. Son mari et sa mère l’ont emmenée au centre de santé, mais elle a profité d’une minute d’inattention pour fuir le centre et revenir au village en pleine nuit », raconte M. Simon. « Nous lui avons donné nos remèdes traditionnels, mais ça n’a pas marché. »

Lorsque la douleur a redoublé d’intensité, Simon et sa famille sont repartis à l’hôpital, mais c’était trop tard. La maman et le bébé n’ont pas survécu.

Le récit de M. Simon ressemble hélas à beaucoup d’autres où, trop souvent, une femme, un enfant ou une personne âgée décèdent faute d’accès ou par peur des soins médicaux. C’est pour lutter contre ce phénomène que le Groupe de la Banque mondiale a lancé en 2011 un programme pilote financé par le Projet d’investissement à l’appui du secteur de la santé (PAISS). Ce programme,  destiné à renforcer les services de santé met l’accent sur le suivi des femmes enceintes, le respect du calendrier des vaccinations et l’apprentissage des règles d’hygiène de base pour éviter de contracter des maladies comme le paludisme, la typhoïde et les parasites intestinaux.

Améliorer la prise en charge médicale des populations rurales de Kagnol

Pour y parvenir, des agents recrutés dans le cadre du projet font le relais avec les communautés, en visitant deux fois par mois toutes les habitations de cette commune afin d’identifier les personnes les plus vulnérables. Au-delà de leur rôle de sensibilisation et de prévention, ces tournées permettent de détecter les personnes malades ou ayant des problèmes de santé pour les faire prendre en charge par les services de santé.

Léonie Ndo Mvondo, chef de poste du centre de santé intégré de Kagnol depuis 2012, nous confie que la sensibilisation des Bakas à l’importance des soins et du suivi médical fait partie des principales préoccupations du centre. «Grâce aux fonds apportés par ce programme pilote, nous avons pu mettre en place une politique de prise en charge des populations Bakas vivant dans notre district. Ils ne paient ni médicaments, ni hospitalisation et bénéficient d’une prise en charge gratuite pour tous les interventions médicales », explique-t-elle. 

Le financement des centres comme celui de Kagnol est basé sur une démarche objectifs-résultats.  Cette approche, appelée financement basé sur la performance (FBP), incite les structures hospitalières et les centres de santé à améliorer l’efficacité de leurs services. Le FBP a été un facteur clé de la réussite de ce programme pilote mis en œuvre dans 26 districts de santé répartis à travers le pays grâce à un financement de 25 millions de dollars de la Banque mondiale.  

« Le programme nous a également permis de rénover le centre. Nous avons reconstruit la maison d’astreinte pour le chef du centre, acheté des lits d’hôpitaux, réapprovisionné la pharmacie et mieux équipé le laboratoire. De plus, l’installation de panneaux solaires nous permet d’avoir de l’électricité à toute heure de la journée et de la nuit », rajoute Léonie Ndo Mvondo, émue.

En 2014, l'Association internationale de développement (IDA) et le fonds fiduciaire_Health Results Innovation_ ont apporté un financement additionnel de 40 millions de dollars (20 millions par institution) pour étendre le projet aux trois régions du Grand-Nord du Cameroun. Début 2016, le pays a décidé d’élargir progressivement l’approche du financement basé sur la performance à l’échelle nationale en commençant par les districts de santé des régions du Septentrion.

« En favorisant l’équité dans l’accès aux services de santé essentiels, cette approche permettra une meilleure prise en charge des populations les plus vulnérables », souligne Paul Jacob Robyn, spécialiste des questions de santé au pôle du développement humain à la Banque mondiale.

Le conseil des administrateurs du Groupe de la Banque mondiale a approuvé le 3 mai 2016 un nouveau projet d’un montant de 127 millions de dollars pour financer la généralisation de cette approche à l’échelle nationale.

Hajia Talatu flashed a wan smile when she described her life before Boko Haram changed everything.

“When my husband was alive, life was very sweet, life was very easy. He provided everything for us,” she remembered.

Her husband’s work as a truck driver was enough to support her and her eight children. That all changed two years ago, when her husband and some of the other men from their village were killed in a Boko Haram ambush on their way to the market.

Soon after, insurgents raided their village, killing indiscriminately and burning the school and homes.

Attacks like this made Boko Haram the world’s deadliest terrorist group in 2014. According to the Global Terrorism Index, 77 percent of the group’s victims are civilians.

For Talatu and her family, the last two years have brought a dizzying – and traumatic – reversal of fortunes. Today, she and her 8 children live hand-to-mouth in Bajoga, a town in northeastern Nigeria’s Gombe state, far from their home in Yobe.

“At home, we could eat three square meals,” Talatu said. “But here if we get one, we thank god.”

Their hunger is a potent illustration of how vulnerable they are now, and what it means to be an internally displaced person.

Hajia Talatu and three other widows displaced by the prolonged war with Boko Haram sat on mats on the floor with me, describing the hardships they now face.

The other women jumped in, clearly wanting me to understand how dramatically things have changed.

“Where she was coming from, she was a big woman!” Hussaina said, referring to Talatu. They call her Hajia, the honorific adopted by Muslim women here who have made the pilgrimage to Mecca, and point out her gold tooth, another sign of that status.

Hajia Talatu made the trip just five years ago, when her home was peaceful and her family prosperous. There’s a kind of resigned gallows humor among the group. “See? Boko Haram has even made her poor!” Hussaina said.

Talatu and her children, along with some of their neighbors, fled into the bush to escape the insurgents. Their stories are similar. Talatu described a harrowing journey through a blistering desert. On their long walk to safety, they saw many people succumb to dehydration, exposure and snakebites.

Fueled by fear, even the youngest children walked. “My own 5-year-old, he ran. My youngest, even 2 years old, he ran,” Hadiza, a mother of 5, told me. “They had to.”

For many displaced families, gathering even the most basic items to establish a new home is beyond reach. They have no income and little access to jobs. Mercy Corps has begun giving vouchers to these families loaded with enough money to buy household necessities like pots, plates, blankets, clothing, and jerrycans for storing water.

“When we were running from Yobe, we didn't bring anything. Not even a spoon,” said Adama, a mother of 9 who escaped with Talatu’s family. “So for us to have these items, we really need them. They are very helpful.”

Mercy Corps is one of few international responders in this region facing a massive humanitarian crisis. About 2 million people have been displaced by the Boko Haram insurgency. We give people vouchers they can use to buy food and household items, the most urgent needs of those struggling to establish themselves in a new place.

But the reality is that people here need a more sustainable solution to the challenges they face. With Boko Haram insurgents still terrorizing villages across northeastern Nigeria, it’s not clear when it will be safe for people to return and begin to rebuild their homes.

That’s why Mercy Corps is also helping internally displaced people in Nigeria start small businesses and generate enough income to meet their own basic needs.

Esther, 44, and her four children fled Yobe last year, after Boko Haram militants killed her husband, a police officer, and raided their village. The family spent three harrowing days walking in the desert.

As with the mothers in Bajoga, Esther and her children arrived in Gombe with only the clothes on their backs.

Newly widowed and suddenly responsible for providing for her family, Esther relied on Mercy Corps’ vouchers for food and household necessities to start over in Gombe. She couldn’t afford to enroll her children, aged 5-15, in school or meet any of their other needs. She knew in the long run she needed to establish some kind of livelihood.

She applied for a seed money grant from Mercy Corps so she could buy a sewing machine. Along with the $100 grant, we provided business training as well as membership in a savings group and lessons about money management to help her on the path to self-sufficiency.

With the money she made sewing, she bought small things to sell around her neighborhood: purified water, biscuits, sweets. Each week she deposited 1,000 Naira (about $5) with the savings group. She borrowed 10,000 Naira (about $50) from the savings group and bought the equipment to start a small fish pond at her house.

From the money she made selling fish, she repaid her loan with interest in two months.

Esther withdrew 35,000 Naira ($175) from her savings and used it to build a small shop in front of her house. Now her neighbors come to her to buy food and household necessities.

A young boy ran up to the shop window with a crumpled bill in his hand. His mother had sent him to buy a small broom. Esther passed the broom through the window and took his money. She put it away so she could deposit it at the next savings group meeting.

“I have seen the importance of savings,” she said.

Esther has re-enrolled her children in school, and she says she makes enough money to meet the family’s needs.

“I now feel like I have recovered because I can provide for my family adequately,” she said.

For a family who lost everything, it’s another reversal of fortunes. And while there are some things Esther knows she’ll never get back, she is building a more hopeful future day by day.

Mogadishu, 8 May 2016 – A devastating famine forced Halima Abdulkadir Ahmed to abandon her home in Qoryole in 2011. Since then, she and her seven children have been living in a settlement called Rajo, one of the 486 camps and settlements for internally displaced persons (IDPs) located in and around Mogadishu.

On 8 May, the United Nations welcomed the Somali government’s initiative to address challenges facing 1.1 million IDPs like Halima through a government-led taskforce that will develop an IDP policy for inclusion in a future national development plan.

“I want us to focus on the future of the 10 per cent of the Somali population that are internally displaced. We live in changing times, changes that are fundamentally reshaping the way we live, the way we work, the way we think. These changes are broadening the opportunities that exist and widening the inequalities as well”, said the Deputy Prime Minister Mohamed Omar Arteh, during a high-level roundtable meeting in Mogadishu that discussed durable solutions for IDPs.

“The government has declared IDPs itself as a major issue for them, a major priority and part of their national development effort which has gone into the national development plan, and as one of their main priorities,” noted Peter de Clercq, the Deputy Special Representative for the UN Secretary-General (DSRSG), Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Somalia.

The Special Advisor to the DSRSG on IDPs, Walter Käelin, lauded the commitment to action by all stakeholders. “We need to complement humanitarian action with development action to integrate Internally Displaced Persons into the national development plan, as well as state development plans”, he noted.

Addressing the same meeting, the Federal Minister for Women and Human Rights Sahra Mohamed Ali Samatar was optimistic that the durable solutions for IDPs under discussion would lessen significantly the plight of vulnerable youth and women. “The issue of IDPs influences our society, stability, economy and women, and one of our most vulnerable human capital-our youth. It is our youth that are undertaking the long and dangerous journey across the continent through the Mediterranean to the Promised Land of Europe and beyond”, she said.

To mitigate the challenges facing youths in IDP camps across the country, Mr. De Clercq announced an innovation competition to help young Somalis reintegrate into society. “The idea of the innovation fund is small initiatives to be funded at a maximum of $10,000 each, and the overall fund we hope will be $500,000. That will grant quite a few opportunities for the young Somalis who take initiative towards promoting their own self-sufficiency, income for their family and their own dignity and self-worth” he explained.

Leila Zerrougui addresses the African Union Open Session on Children and Armed Conflict

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia – Protecting schools from attacks and military use is essential to fulfil one of the promises of the 2030 Agenda: ensuring access to education for all children, Leila Zerrougui, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict told members of the African Union’s Peace and Security Council during the third annual Open Session on children and armed conflict.

“Schools in the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Libya, Mali, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan, have been looted, pillaged, damaged and destroyed during military operations, including through indiscriminate attacks, ground shelling and aerial bombardments, depriving millions of children of their fundamental right to education, putting the future of an entire generation at risk,” said the Special Representative, who welcomed the African Union’s initiative to dedicate this year’s session to the protection of education.

Attacks against schools and their military use have become a common aspect of today’s conflicts, with long term consequences, especially on fragile education systems. The Special Representative emphasized the heavy burden placed on communities and post-conflict societies to rebuild or repair schools and bring back skilled teachers.

“We have a strong framework, we have tools and political momentum,” Zerrougui said. “The African Union and its Member states can and must make a difference by including measures to end and prevent attacks against schools in domestic legislation, including criminalization of these acts, and must hold perpetrators accountable.”

She called on Member States to endorse the Safe School Declaration, and thereby commit to implement the “Guidelines for Protecting Schools and Universities from Military Use during Armed Conflict” adopted in December 2014, saying that “occupying a school comes at such a high price that it can never be justified”. The declaration has already been endorsed by fifteen African countries.

Zerrougui invited world leaders to produce new commitments to ensure that conflict does not mean the end of learning for millions of children affected by war during the World Humanitarian Summit scheduled at the end of the month in Istanbul.

In conclusion, the Special Representative recalled that the international community has firmly put the protection of schools on its agenda and urged Governments to take action to realize our collective commitment.

Read Leila Zerrougui’s remarks at the Open Session of the African Union Peace and Security Council: https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/statement/briefing-at-the-open-session-of-the-african-union-peace-and-security-council-2/

Note to editors:
In 2011, with the adoption of resolution 1998, the Security Council requested the UN Secretary-General to identify and list, in the annexes of his annual report on Children and Armed Conflict, the armed forces and groups who attack schools or hospitals, or protected persons in relation to schools and hospitals.

The resolution asked listed parties to conflict to work with the United Nations to prepare concrete, time-bound action plans to end and prevent the violations.

There are seven parties listed in the annexes of the most recent annual report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict, including 5 on the African continent: the Ex-Seleka coalition and associated armed groups (Central African Republic), the Allied Democratic Forces, Forces démocratiques de liberation du Rwanda, Front de résistance patriotique en Ituri (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Boko Haram (Nigeria).

On May 22 2014, the Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict, Leila Zerrougui, launched a Guidance Note on Attacks against schools and hospitals to help ensure that everyone involved in monitoring, reporting and advocacy is equipped with the best tools to end and prevent attacks against schools and hospitals.

For additional information, please contact:
Stephanie Tremblay, Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict
+1 212 963 8285, Mobile, +1 917 288 5791, tremblay@un.org

4.5 MILLION DISPLACED PERSONS (Refugees, IDPs, Returnees)

These maps show displacements of populations in the Sahel due to ongoing regional crises, including Boko Haram-related violence in northeast Nigeria, the conflict in the neighbouring Central African Republic, and the unrest in northern Mali.

WASHINGTON, 9 mai 2016 – Alors même qu’un épisode de sécheresse extrême continue de sévir dans la majeure partie de l’Afrique subsaharienne et que des millions de personnes ont besoin d’une aide d’urgence, un nouveau rapport préparé sous la direction de la Banque mondiale examine les interventions qui pourraient accroître durablement la résilience face à la sécheresse. Ce rapport, qui a été présenté lors de la première conférence de la Grande muraille verte, à Dakar, et qui s’intitule Confronting Drought in Africa’s Drylands: Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience, examine les possibilités d’améliorer la capacité de résistance en cas de sécheresse dans les zones arides d’Afrique et fait valoir qu’une série d’interventions pourrait contribuer à réduire de moitié environ l’impact des sécheresses dans les zones arides africaines. Les mesures proposées permettraient de mettre 5 millions de personnes par an, en moyenne, hors de danger dans des régions qui comptent parmi les zones les plus pauvres d’Afrique.

« Les terres arides, qui sont des zones sensibles exposées aux catastrophes naturelles, posent un défi fondamental pour le développement de l’Afrique », note Makhtar Diop, vice-président de la Banque mondiale pour la Région Afrique. « Il est impératif, pour réduire durablement la pauvreté, de mieux gérer les impacts des phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes et de la variabilité du climat, car le nombre de personnes vivant dans les zones arides et se faisant concurrence pour obtenir des ressources rares ira croissant. »

Le rapport Confronting Drought in Africa’s Drylands considère un sous-ensemble de pays situés en Afrique de l’Est et en Afrique de l’Ouest comprenant de vastes zones arides, semi-arides et subhumides, où vivent plus de 300 millions de personnes. Les chocs graves et fréquents auxquelles elles sont exposées, en particulier les sécheresses, limitent déjà les moyens d’existence, compromettent les efforts déployés pour éliminer la pauvreté et exigent l’apport d’une aide d’urgence. L’avenir s’annonce encore plus difficile : la croissance démographique et l’expansion des superficies couvertes par les zones arides par suite du changement climatique pourraient accroître de jusqu’à 70 % le nombre de personnes vivant dans des environnements difficiles à l’horizon 2030.

Il serait toutefois possible d’améliorer la résilience des populations face au changement en gérant mieux l’élevage, l’agriculture et les ressources naturelles. « Nos travaux montrent que, en investissant dans des interventions qui accroissent la viabilité et la productivité des activités pastorales et agricoles, nous pourrions considérablement améliorer les perspectives de développement en Afrique de l’Est et en Afrique de l’Ouest et atténuer les pertes qui touchent les ménages pauvres de manière disproportionnée » explique Raffaelo Cervigni, économiste principal spécialiste de l’environnement à la Banque mondiale et coauteur du rapport.

Par exemple, en 2010, seulement 30 % des ménages de pasteurs et d’agro-pasteurs vivant dans le Sahel et dans la Corne de l’Afrique possédaient suffisamment d’animaux pour pouvoir échapper à la pauvreté en cas de sécheresses répétées. Pour protéger les ménages d’éleveurs, des interventions visant à accroître la productivité — comme la fourniture de services améliorés de santé animale, une exploitation précoce des jeunes animaux mâles, une rapide réduction des stocks à l’approche d’une sécheresse et l’amélioration de l’accès aux zones de pâturage — pourraient accroître de 50 % la proportion de ménages résilients.

L’amélioration des technologies de production agricole, la gestion de la fertilité des sols et la plantation d’arbres dans le cadre des systèmes agricoles en vigueur peuvent également contribuer à améliorer la résilience en accroissant la productivité agricole et en renforçant la tolérance des cultures à la sécheresse et à la chaleur. La plantation d’arbres dans les champs, en particulier, peut générer des engrais tout en réduisant le stress hydrique et thermique auquel sont exposées les cultures. Les arbres peuvent aussi réduire l’insécurité alimentaire des ménages en leur fournissant des aliments lorsqu’ils ne peuvent pas se procurer des denrées agricoles ou des produits animaux, et accroître leur capacité à faire face à la situation en leur fournissant des actifs qui peuvent être coupés et vendus durant les périodes de pénurie.

L’irrigation peut également amortir l’impact des sécheresses, en particulier dans les zones moins arides. Les analyses réalisées aux fins du rapport indiquent qu’il serait faisable et viable sur le plan financier de développer l’irrigation sur cinq à neuf millions d’hectares de terres arides.

Parmi les autres interventions examinées dans le rapport figurent une gestion intégrée des paysages visant à rétablir la santé des zones dégradées pour recréer des écosystèmes fonctionnels et productifs, et l’abaissement des obstacles au commerce pour accroître les aliments disponibles et en réduire le coût, notamment après un choc. Les auteurs estiment que le coût d’interventions techniques adaptées à leur contexte et bien ciblées devrait être compris entre 0,4 et 1,3 milliard de dollars par an.

« Ces coûts sont plus faibles que ceux d’une aide d’urgence et pourraient être assumés par les budgets de développement actuels », fait valoir Michael Morris, économiste principal spécialiste de l’agriculture à la Banque mondiale et coauteur du rapport. « Fait plus important, contrairement aux remèdes de courte durée, ces interventions peuvent établir les fondations d’un développement durable en permettant aux populations d’accumuler suffisamment d’actifs pour sortir de la pauvreté et éviter d’y retomber. »

Le rapport concède que, même sur la base d’hypothèses optimistes concernant la portée des interventions de renforcement de la résilience, une proportion élevée des habitants des zones arides sera toujours vulnérable aux chocs en 2030. Les pouvoirs publics devront apporter un soutien sous forme de filets de protection sociale et investir dans le capital humain et le capital physique pour faciliter un passage progressif à des moyens d’existence qui sont moins tributaires des ressources naturelles.

Confronting Drought in Africa’s Drylands a été préparé par la Banque mondiale en collaboration avec une vaste coalition de partenaires parmi lesquels des organismes publics, des organisations régionales, des institutions multilatérales de développement, des instituts de recherche et des organisations non gouvernementales qui ont produit des notes et des documents de référence pour contribuer au dialogue actuellement consacré aux mesures permettant de réduire la vulnérabilité et renforcer la résilience des populations vivant dans les zones arides de l’Afrique subsaharienne.

CONTACTS MÉDIAS

À Washington
Madjiguene Seck
Téléphone : +1 202 458-0616
mseck@worldbank.org

À Dakar
Mademba Ndiaye
Téléphone : 221 33 859 4140
mademba@worldbank.org
RESSOURCES

Voir l'article avec les photos sur UNDP

Si vous vous aventurez au-delà de l’activité bouillonnante du centre-ville de Dakar, vous aurez un aperçu concret de l’impact désastreux du changement climatique au Sénégal.

Pour les habitants de Niette Barre, un quartier de banlieue de la capitale, les pluies ne sont pas porteuses de bonnes nouvelles. Écoutez Aby, 53 ans, qui s’est s’installée à la ville après des années de travail acharné :

« Certaines années, avec les inondations, l’eau monte à plus d’un mètre dans toute la maison … certaines chambres ont été tellement endommagées qu’elles sont encore inutilisables maintenant. »

Près de 3,5 millions de Sénégalais vivent actuellement aux alentours de Dakar, et environ un quart de la population du pays vit dans des zones côtières, qui sont menacées par l’élévation du niveau de la mer.

Dans toute l’Afrique, des millions de personnes pauvres des zones rurales ont migré vers les banlieues des grandes villes, où les quartiers se sont développés sans planification urbaine, ni systèmes d’égouts ou d’assainissement. Alors que la communauté internationale et les acteurs de développement tels que le PNUD travaillent à améliorer les infrastructures, le changement climatique menace de réduire tous ces efforts à néant.

A Dakar, les inondations ont empiré au cours des années. Pendant la saison des pluies, les personnes peuvent être bloquées des jours entiers dans leurs maisons. Les services publics tels que l’eau courante et l’électricité sont suspendus pendant des jours.

A Niette Barre, les ordures sont partout. Sacs en plastique, bouteilles et autres déchets sont utilisés pour bloquer ou absorber l’eau qui inonde les rues. La poubelle est un bon moyen de garder la boue à l’extérieur des maisons en cas d’inondation. Cette solution temporaire montre l’ampleur du problème.

Le Sénégal met actuellement en œuvre de nombreux projets d’adaptation au changement climatique. Avec l’appui du PNUD et du Fonds pour l’environnement mondial (FEM), le Gouvernement s’efforce d’améliorer la prévention et la gestion des inondations en installant des structures de drainage d’urgence dans les zones inondables. Une de ces mesures consiste à construire des étangs pour stocker le surplus d’eau.

Mais si Aby et sa famille tentent de garder l’eau à distance, leur priorité est avant tout de payer pour leur prochain repas :

« Nous avions l’habitude d’acheter des mangues, et de les revendre sur les marchés locaux, mais maintenant que de plus en plus de gens se sont déplacés en ville, la concurrence est féroce. Notre famille survit sur le seul revenu de mon fils, » dit Aby.

Celui-ci passe ses journées avec des centaines d’autres à attendre dans le port un bateau de pêche qui les embauchera. Avec tant de concurrence, il rentre souvent bredouille.

La zone côtière de l‘Afrique de l‘Ouest est l’une des zones de pêche les plus productives du monde. Cependant, le déclin des écosystèmes, de mauvaises pratiques de pêche et l’impact du changement climatique ont épuisé les stocks de poissons au cours des dernières années, et des gens vulnérables comme Aby en supportent les conséquences.

Le Sénégal est l’un des rares pays à élaborer un plan national d’adaptation au changement climatique spécifique pour la pêche, notamment avec l’aide d’un programme d’adaptation global mis en œuvre par le PNUD et le PNUE, et financé par le Fonds pour les pays moins avancés.

Ce programme fournit déjà un soutien direct au Sénégal, Cambodge, Niger, Madagascar et Lesotho, et a récemment étendu son appui à d’autres pays en développement, avec le support du Fonds spécial pour le changement climatique du FEM.

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

MAJORITY OF REFUGEES UNWILLING TO RETURN

Seventy-three per cent of CAR refugees in Cameroon currently do not intend to return home. Lack of security, destruction of property, distrust in the Government’s ability to offer protection, fear of resumption of conflict and lack of opportunity to restart their lives are the main reasons deterring their return, according to a survey by UNHCR. Ten per cent of the 68,000 refugee households in various settlements in Cameroon were surveyed. However, around 70 per cent of IDPs said they wanted to return home, according to an April survey by IOM.

OVER 10,000 DISPLACED BY CLASHES

Ongoing clashes between rival armed groups in the western Ouham-Pendé Province have displaced some 10,000 people in Koui, Bocaranga and Bouar localities. Verification and registration of the displaced are underway. The internally displaced persons (IDPs) living with host communities in Bouar are already receiving assistance.

DRC

THREE ICRC AID WORKERS KIDNAPPED

Three ICRC staff members were abducted on 3 May while in a convoy headed to the town of Kyaghala to distribute food and household items to around 8,000 people affected by conflict. ICRC has consequently suspended all its movements in the region. In March, three Congolese Save the Children staff members were abducted for seven days by unknown kidnappers in Lubero, in central Nord-Kivu Province.

NIGER

ARMED ATTACKS IN DIFFA

On 2 May, suspected Boko Haram elements attacked Dewa village located some 20 km from Diffa. No casualties were reported. In a separate incident also on 2 May, armed men suspected to be members of Boko Haram attacked a health centre in Ngaroua Koura, 18 km east of Diffa, and looted medical supplies.

NIGERIA

HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE TO INCREASE IN BORNO

Borno State Government will ramp up response to some of the urgent needs of IDPs living in unofficial camps in localities that have recently become accessible following military operations against Boko Haram. The State Government plans to register the IDPs in Dikwa, Mafa and Gwoza areas at household level and provide each household with food items for at least two months, cooking utensils and other relief items. The State Government is also planning to reconstruct and rehabilitate private houses and public buildings along the roads between Damaturu and Maiduguri, and Dikwa and Konduga areas.

RÉPUBLIQUE CENTRAFRICAINE

LA MAJORITÉ DES REFUGIÉS NE VEULENT PAS RENTRER CHEZ EUX

Soixante-treize pour cent des réfugiés centrafricains actuellement au Cameroun n’ont pas l'intention de rentrer chez eux. Le manque de sécurité, la destruction des biens, la méfiance dans la capacité du gouvernement à offrir une protection, la peur de reprise du conflit et l'absence de possibilité de recommencer leur vie sont les principales raisons dissuadant leur retour, selon un sondage réalisé par le HCR. Dix pour cent des 68 000 ménages réfugiés dans divers sites au Cameroun ont été interrogés.
Toutefois, environ 70 pour cent des personnes déplacées ont dit qu‘elles voulaient rentrer chez eux, selon un sondage de l'OIM en avril.

PLUS DE 10 000 PERSONNES DÉPLACÉES PAR DES AFFRONTEMENTS

Des affrontements continus entre groupes armés rivaux dans l'ouest de la province de l'Ouham-Pendé ont provoqué le déplacement de quelque 10 000 personnes dans les localités de Koui, Bocaranga et Bouar. La vérification et l'enregistrement des personnes déplacées sont en cours. Les personnes déplacées internes vivant avec les communautés d'accueil à Bouar reçoivent déjà une aide.

RD CONGO

TROIS TRAVAILLEURS DU CICR ENLEVÉS

Trois membres du personnel du CICR ont été enlevés le 3 mai, tandis qu’ils se trouvaient dans un convoi qui se dirigeait vers la ville de Kyaghala pour distribuer des produits alimentaires et ménagers à environ 8 000 personnes touchées par le conflit. Le CICR a par conséquent suspendu tous ses mouvements dans la région. En mars, trois employés congolais de Save the Children avaient été enlevés pendant sept jours par des ravisseurs inconnus à Lubero, dans le centre de la province du Nord-Kivu.

NIGER

ATTAQUES ARMÉES À DIFFA

Le 2 mai, des éléments présumés de Boko Haram ont attaqué le village de Dewa situé à environ 20 km de Diffa. Aucune victime n'a été signalée. Dans un autre incident, également le 2 mai, des hommes armés soupçonnés d'être membres de Boko Haram ont attaqué un centre de santé à Ngaroua Koura, à 18 km à l'est de Diffa, et pillé des fournitures médicales.

NIGERIA

AUGMENTATION DE LA RÉPONSE HUMANITAIRE A BORNO

Le gouvernement de l'Etat de Borno augmentera la réponse à certains des besoins urgents des personnes déplacées vivant dans des camps non officiels dans les localités récemment accessibles suite aux opérations militaires contre Boko Haram. Le gouvernement de l'État prévoit d'enregistrer les personnes déplacées dans les zones de Dikwa, Mafa et Gwoza au niveau des ménages et de fournir de la nourriture pendant au moins deux mois, des ustensiles de cuisine et autres articles de secours à chaque ménage. Il envisage également de reconstruire et réhabiliter des maisons privées et des bâtiments publics le long des routes entre Damaturu et Maiduguri, et les zones de Dikwa et Konduga.